Criticism of Pascals Wager Essays -- Religion, Does God Exist?

The proof for the existence of God is an issue that may never be resolved. It has caused division among families and friends, nations and society. The answer to the question â€Å"does God exist?† is almost an impossible one to give with certainty seeing that there is a variety of people, ideas, cultures and beliefs. So how does one know if one’s actions here on earth could have eternal consequences? What is, if any, a â€Å"safe bet† to make? Blaise Pascal was a 15th century philosopher and a mathematician who proposed the idea that although one cannot know for certain that God exists, one can make a â€Å"safe bet† that it is far better to believe in God than not to believe in God. This is not a proof for the existence of God but rather an idea that suggest that if there is a God, it is in the person’s benefit to believe rather to disbelieve because the odds are in favor of the believer. This gambler-like idea is better known as â€Å"Pascal†™s Wager† or â€Å"The Gambler’s Argument.† Nevertheless, this sort of play-the-ponies idea is not quite precise. Although Pascal’s Wager serves as a stepping-stone for non-believers, it is a rather vague, faithless and inaccurate argument. Pascal’s wager takes the position of a gambler. It says that it is far more logical to believe in God because the odds are in one’s favor. Pascal lays it down on a diagram like so: if one believes in God and lives a good, moral, and Christian life and in the end finds that God exists, that person has hit the jack-pot, if I may, gaining eternal life in the presence of God. At the same time, if the aforementioned person comes to the end of life and finds out that God does not exist, then that person really did not loose all that much. Sure probably missed a few parties, didn’t dr... ...ople to come back to Church and to believe in God but not out of self-interest. In order for the argument to accomplish this it must first be rewritten. It needs to define its terms (i.e. the use of the word God), it should not be based on chance or self-interest but rather to make known to the person that it is quite possible that God exists, and finally, it should include a fifth outcome where a person believes in God out of self-interest and is eternally damned anyway for lack of faith, love and for selfishness. Pascal’s Wager calls to mind a famous quote by Albert Camus: â€Å"I would rather live my life as if there is a God and die to find out there isn't, than live my life as if there isn't and die to find out there is.† Until Pascal’s argument is solid and fully developed, one should not adopt the argument as a mean for conversion, evangelization or lifestyle.

Twelfth Night Essay -- Literature, Shakespeare

In Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night and in Molià ¨re’s The Imaginary Invalid, two ladies are presented, that are not necessarily the leading protagonist, but they help unravel the plays’ plots into something amazing. Twelfth Night features Maria, the lady in waiting to Olivia. At first Maria comes off as a dilettante, later on we find out that’s not the case at all. Meanwhile, in The Imaginary Invalid, there is the disputatious Toinette, who is the maidservant and nurse to the imaginary invalid himself, Argan. Maria and Toinette are two strong women characters, their strength and wit is depicted through Maria and Toinette’s deceiving schemes to make their plays more stimulating as well as their objectivity throughout all the chaos in their respective play. In addition, Maria plays the role of the lady in waiting who essentially doesn’t do anything for herself except take orders. Later on the reader soon realizes that, Maria is a strong witty character that takes matters in to her own hands. Maria developes a strategy, first she goes for the messed up drunken Sir Toby and her goal is to straighten him out. Maria confronts Sir Toby about his drunkenness, â€Å"That quaffing and drinking will undo you: I heard my lady talk of it yesterday† (1.3.128). Sir Toby begins to take notice in Maria. Maria begins to plot with Toby to bring down Malvolio (the condescending butler) as a practical joke. Through the process of plotting against Malvolio with Toby, Maria develops a back bone something she was not known for with Olivia. Maria took the lead in the plotting and Toby starts taking her orders, â€Å"Observe him, for the love of mockery, for I know this letter will make a contemplative idiot of him† (2.5.18-19) As a resul t of the jokes success, Mari... ...was depicted through her persistence to help aid Toby and eventually gain his approval as well as becoming his equal. Meanwhile, Toinette’s dependability is depicted through her selfless; as Argan’s nurse/maidservant and confidant to his daughter. And her quick wit that in the end allowed her to come up with a plan that would ultimately make that play the quirky comedy it is today. Thus, concluding that both Maria and Toinette are similar, because they are both strong character and quite witty, witty enough to change the total outcome of their respective plays. Works Cited Molià ¨re. The Imaginary Invalid. A Dozen French Farces: Medieval to Modern. Ed. and Trans. Albert Bremel. New York: Limelight, 1997.13-64. Print. Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 2005. Print