tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79036638610807288142023-06-20T20:59:26.227-07:00Write my essay 4 meEssay Topics For The Handmaid'S Talejackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.comBlogger150125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-70345562856025092022020-09-03T00:12:00.001-07:002020-09-03T00:12:14.830-07:00Centrifugal Force Essay Sample free essay sampleDivergent power ( from Latin centrum. planning ââ¬Å"centerâ⬠. furthermore, fugere. planning ââ¬Å"to fleeâ⬠) is the apparent outward power that draws a rotating natural structure off from the focal point of rotational movement. It is brought about by the inertia of the natural structure as the bodyââ¬â¢s way is constantly diverted. In Newtonian mechanics. the term diffusive power is utilized to make reference to one of two recognizable builds: an inertial power ( other than called a ââ¬Å"fictitiousâ⬠power ) saw in a non-inertial notice outline. what's more, a response power coordinating to a centripetal power. The term is other than here and there utilized in Lagrangian mechanics to delineate certain footings in the summed up power that rely upon the pick of summed up co-ordinates. The develop of radiating power is applied in spinning gadgets, for example, extractors. radial siphons. diffusive governors. radial catches. and so on . each piece great as in diffusive railways. planetal circles. banked bends. and so on. These gadgets and condition of affairss can be investigated either in footings of the created power in the rotating co-ordinate arrangement of the motion connection to a middle. or on the other hand in footings of the centripetal and receptive diffusive powers seen from a non-pivoting edge of notice ; these various powers are equivalent in size. however, diffusive and receptive outward powers are inverse in route to the centripetal power. History of builds of radial and centripetal powers The build of radial power has developed since the clasp of Huygens. Newton. Leibniz. what's more, Hooke who communicated early builds of it. Its cutting edge develop as a created power starting in a turning notice outline advanced in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years Radial power has other than played a capacity in contentions in old style mechanics about detecting of outright signal. Newton proposed two proclamations to answer the request of whether supreme rotating movement can be identified: the spinning bucket articulation. what's more, the pivoting circles explanation. Orchestrating to Newton. in every situation the outward power would be seen in the objectââ¬â¢s neighborhood outline ( the casing where the article is fixed ) simply if the casing were rotating as to supreme boundless. Around two centuries along these lines. Machââ¬â¢s rule was proposed where. on the other hand of outright turning movement. the motion of the inaccessible stars comparative with the nearby inertial casing gives ascend through some ( theoretical ) physical statute to the diffusive power and different idleness impacts. Todayââ¬â¢s position depends on the idea of an inertial edge of notice. which benefits perceivers for which the Torahs of characteristic m ethods of reasoning interpretation of their least difficult signifier. what's more, in impossible to miss. outlines that do non use diffusive powers in their conditions of motion so as to portray motions right. The similarity between diffusive power ( in some cases used to make unbelievable attractive energy ) and gravitative powers prompted the correspondence rule of general relativity. Manufactured divergent power Diffusive power is every now and again mistook for centripetal power. Radiating power is most regularly presented as an outward power obvious in a turning edge of notice. It is clear ( created ) as in it is non bit of an association however is a result of rotating movement â⬠with no response power inverse number. This kind of power is related with portraying signal in a non-inertial notice outline. what's more, alluded to as a created or inertial power ( a portrayal that must be comprehended as a capable utilization of these words that implies only that the power is non present in a fixed or inertial edge ) There are three settings in which the develop of manufactured radial power emerges when portraying signal using old style mechanics: In the primary setting. the motion is depicted near to a rotating notice outline about a fixed pivot toward the start of the co-ordinate framework. For perceptions made in the pivoting outline. all articles have all the earmarks of being affected by a radially outward power that is comparative with the good ways from the hub of rotational movement and to the square of the pace of turning movement ( precise speed ) of the edge. The second setting is comparative. also, depicts the motion using a quickened neighborhood notice outline appended to a voyaging natural structure. for delineation. the edge of riders in an auto as it adjusts a corner. In this occasion. revolving movement is again included. this clasp about the focal point of ebb and flow of the method of the voyaging natural structure. In both these unique situations. the divergent power is zero when the pace of revolving movement of the notice outline is zero. free of the motions of articles in the edge. The third setting emerges in Lagrangian mechanics. what's more, alludes to a subset of summed up powers that as often as possible are non equivalent to the vector powers of Newtonian mechanics. The summed up powers are called ââ¬Å"generalized diffusive forcesâ⬠in this setting ( the word summed up is once in a while overlooked ) . They are identified with the square of the pace of adjustment of summed up co-ordinates ( for representation. polar co-ordinates. utilized in the Lagrangian readiness of mechanics. This subject is investigated in more thing underneath. In the event that items are viewed as going from a pivoting outline. this movement outcomes in another created power. the Coriolis power ; and if the pace of rotational movement of the edge is changing. a third created power. the Euler power is experienced. Together. these three created powers are important for the readiness of right conditions of motion in a pivoting notice outline. Responsive radiating power A responsive radiating power is the response power to a centripetal power. A mass experiencing bended motion. for example, round motion. constantly quickens toward the pivot of rotating movement. This centripetal speeding up is given by a centripetal power. which is applied on the mass by some other article. In congruity with Newtonââ¬â¢s Third Law of Motion. the mass applies an equivalent and inverse power on the article. This is the receptive diffusive power. It is coordinated off from the focal point of revolving movement. what's more, is applied by the rotating mass on the article that begins the centripetal speeding up. This develop of radiating power is extremely not the same as the created power. As the two of them are given a similar name. they might be simple conflated. While the ââ¬Ëfictitious forceââ¬â¢ Acts of the Apostless on the natural structure going in a round manner. the ââ¬Ëreactive forceââ¬â¢ is applied by the natural structure going in a round manner onto some other item. The previous is utile in breaking down the signal of the natural structure in a pivoting notice outline ; the last is utile for happening powers on different articles. in an inertial edge. This response power is now and again portrayed as an outward inertial response. that is. a power that is radially coordinated. which is a receptive power equivalent and inverse to the centripetal power that is turning the method of the mass. The build of the receptive outward power is some of the time utilized in mechanics and innovation. It is now and again alluded to as just divergent power rather than as receptive outward power. ExampleFree natural structure chart demoing the powers on a ball and a twine keeping up it in round motion. Left: inertial casing where the ball supposedly revolves. Right: co-pivoting outline where the ball seems fixed. All the powers have a similar extent. in any case, their waies might be inverse. The belongingss of the two powers in the above Table are represented by a representation appeared in the figure. The figure shows a ball in round signal. attached to a station by a twine. The station is fixed in the land. what's more, the twine is viewed as exorbitantly light-weight to affect the powers. The figure is a delineation of a free natural structure outline. a ââ¬Å"explodedâ⬠innovation word image of the various parts with the powers on each indicated separately. The powers in the inertial casing where the ball supposedly travels are appeared in the left segment. the co-pivoting outline where the ball shows up non to travel is appeared in the correct section. The midway picture of the inertial edge ( left ) shows the ball pivoting. This round motion leaves from a successive line on the grounds that the ball is able to the centripetal radially internal power gave by the twine strained quality. As depicted in the article unvarying round motion. in the case where the speed of the ball is unchanging. the centripetal speeding up is: with a the increasing speed. v the invariable speed. what's more, r the span of the way. The power is. of class. this speeding up increased by the mass of the ball. The midway picture of the co-pivoting outline ( right ) shows the ball sitting still in a turning casing of notice. The power ready because of the strained quality in the twine is adjusted by the outward power presented by the revolving movement of the co-pivoting outline. so when the outward power is remembered for Newtonââ¬â¢s Torahs of motion there is zero net power upon the ball. The visual part of a radial power in this non-inertial casing is demonstrated in the Table. furthermore, its belongingss concur with those in the Table. The lower figures show the powers upon the twine. which are the equivalent in the two edges: the two terminals of the twine are fit to approach however oppositely coordinated powers. At the terminal of the twine joined to the ball. the power is the receptive diffusive power. the outward power applied by the ball upon the twine in response to the power applied upon the ball by the strained quality in the twine. as anticipated by Newtonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"action and reactionâ⬠third law of signal. As demonstrated in the Table. this power shows up in all casings of notice. what's more, its belongingss jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-6724287230718029992020-08-26T15:32:00.001-07:002020-08-26T15:32:06.170-07:00How the Internet Makes You Boring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsHow the Internet Makes You Boring - Essay Example As per Teitel, the enthusiasm of the web clients wind up seeking after them rather than the common methods where one ought to sufficiently seek after their advantage. It isn't unexpected to see that web clients invest their energy through data that has no significance to their advantage, the greater part of which is sifted by the web index supplier dependent on the catch clicked. Through these controlled outcomes, the data we get from such outcomes are limited and decreased, not on the grounds that we were keen on less data but since the web gives us such. Through this, our insight, assessments and perspectives on various occasions that intrigue us are limited while those that are of little significance to our lives are given in bounty. As an instrument that has all the possibility to build our insight and perspectives on various world news and occasions, Teitel accepts that narrowing this data expands fatigue (Teitel, 2013). Web crawlers can think about what an individual needs to look for from the web and this as per the engineers makes life simpler when utilizing this apparatus. At the point when you start scanning for any thing from the Google internet searcher, a few proposals manifests which are intended to control your hunt and plan which locales you should visit. This makes life exhausting in light of the fact that the data we wind up perusing and picking up enthusiasm for isn't actually our underlying interest. Teitel contends that nobody has a thought why the web and its web index limits our data and aides our lives through destinations that have spam like data. Imparting through utilizing the messages has not been saved either as web designers utilize this also to shape our feeling and control the scope of data that contacts us. Teitel contends that if for example you mail your companion concerning one dream you have had for long concerning one Christian Gray, pop message on sadomasochistic sen timent will be sent to you in streams (Teitel, 2013). The first mail had no outflow of enthusiasm on the data that are presently sent neither did it notice anything concerning sentiment. The web fills the spaces for your sake and sends you course and help in spite of the way that you never showed that you required any. Throughout everyday life, we wipe out what we don't require at whatever point we have an inclination that we ought to and this incorporates companions, occasions and data. This has anyway halted on the grounds that the web can have the option to measure what we need and what we donââ¬â¢t consequently cleansing all that it esteems pointless in our lives and sending all it regard required in our lives in plenitude. The absence of individual control made by the web and its separating method of educating us makes it very exhausting and unimportant in certain degrees of our lives (Teitel, 2013). The web has a channel bubble propensities of cleansing all the data it este ems pointless in our lives and introducing the sifted data to us without our due assent. On the off chance that you are a preservationist and a portion of your web based life companions are liberal, the web will ready to decide your tendency and along these lines diminish your entrance and association with your liberal companions without your assent. Pariser, a co-writer with Teitel contends that once she quit tapping on her preservationist companions on Facebook, the profiles and newsfeeds of the greater part of these companions started to vanish, implying that Facebook prearranged calculation jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-57034094908642448062020-08-22T17:30:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:30:38.166-07:00Nurse Betty Free Essaysââ¬Å"Nurse Bettyâ⬠isn't so much a film about a medical caretaker, however it is a decent delineation of howâ nurses can in some cases be depicted by the media. In this film a humble community server named Bettyâ fixates on one specialist as depicted in her preferred drama, ââ¬Å"A Reason To Love.â⬠Subsequent to seeing her husbandââ¬â¢s murder while viewing a scene Betty starts toâ become silly, accepting that she is a medical attendant in the emergency clinic where the character of Dr. We will compose a custom exposition test on Medical caretaker Betty or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Ravellâ from the drama works. Betty likewise trusts herself to be his ex-fiancã © and that she is still inâ love with him. As this hallucination grabs hold she gathers her sacks and leaves the area of the wrongdoing toâ head to Los Angeles to discover him. In view of her daydreams Betty doesn't frequently relate well with others. She has convincedâ herself that she is a genuine medical caretaker and is infatuated with Dr. Ravell. Therefore she comes up short toâ understand why others can't acknowledge this.à The remaining medical attendant, specialist and emergency clinic organization depictions are generally minor roles.à Many are minimal more than walk-ons and cardboard cut-out drama generalizations. The ones whoâ are truly in these positions and not characters from the drama are depicted all the more reasonably thanâ the cleanser characters.à When Betty shows up at what she accepts is the medical clinic where Dr. Ravell works theâ administration is from the start portrayed as true in light of her cases of being a medical attendant andâ looking for Dr. Ravell, an acclaimed cardiologist who should work there. Despite the fact that he hasâ never been known about previously. Little is appeared of how Betty handles herself as a medical caretaker. For the most part this is expected to the factâ that she isn't a medical attendant. Despite the fact that she trusts herself to be one. The other minor depictions ofâ nurses in this film are commonly positive and believable.Overall this film shows a few instances of how Hollywood depicts those in theâ medical calling. Both with the clinical experts as characters and with the moreâ stereotyped drama characters. LaBute, N. (Chief). (2000). Attendant Betty [Film] Hollywood: Gramercy Pictures The most effective method to refer to Nurse Betty, Essay models jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-66454533803181528642020-08-22T08:40:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:40:10.724-07:00M&ms color distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1M&ms shading dispersion - Essay Example Madison expected every extraordinary shading are consolidated together and made at various time en route into various size bundles. As per the M&Mââ¬â¢s site, each bundle of chocolate milk ought to contain, 24%, 14%, 16%, 20%, 13%, and 14% of blue, earthy colored, green, orange, red, and yellow individually. This is what is expressed in the purchaser office. Subsequent to doing a functional overview, Madison discovered that the rates showed in the bundles were off by a long shot to the dispersion expressed. Madison presumed that they produce the showed rates of each shading and afterward simply top off the packs off weight based technique. This derives a specific bundle might be a lot of away off the showed rate. Because of this, Madison directed his examination and showed his outcomes. He did this by irregular testing of packs. Madison gained M&Mââ¬â¢s sold in cardboard box containing 48 bundles. He at that point tallied each shading and afterward looked at the aggregate of the considerable number of hues in each bundle to the total of the pack as a mistake checking structure. He at that point did investigation as follows: as per Madison, he anticipated 24%, 13%, 16%, 29%, 13%, and 14% of blue, earthy colored, green, orange, red, and yellow individually. In any case, he watched 18.36%, 14.16%, 18.44%, 20.76%, 14.20%, and 14.08% of blue, earthy colored, green, orange, red, and yellow individually. The column showing the amount expected depends on the complete M&Mââ¬â¢s watched numbers utilizing expected percent esteems from M&Mââ¬â¢s site. As found in the outcomes, blue which is the most watched shading in the M&M was in reality third in fame watch. It was around 25 percent not exactly the sum anticipated. Notwithstanding, orange, earthy colored, yellow, and red were inside 2% focuse s on what was normal as their qualities. Yellow was anyway nearest. Toward the finish of the examination, apparently pack 22 is a lot nearer to the distributed jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-50200417112955033282020-08-21T15:12:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:12:17.563-07:00Absolutism Pros And Cons EssayThe historical backdrop of Absolutism started during the seventeen century during the progress from Feudalism to Capitalism in England and was known as ââ¬Å"The Divine Right of Kingsâ⬠England was encountering a total topple of their government and its substitution was first by a Republic and afterward by another and debilitated government. For England, toward the finish of the seventeen century they would see the disintegration of the monarchââ¬â¢s controls in the ââ¬Å"Glorious Revolutionâ⬠. Absolutism was a type of government where the decision rulers were answerable for God and power was typified in the King as it were. Regardless of the endeavors by the Kings in England their concept of Absolutism didnââ¬â¢t hit its full force as it did when King Louis XIV of France took the position of authority. I trust I share a similar assessment of most of individuals all through this nation and even worldwide that there are a bigger number of cons and shortcomings of Abs olutism than there are geniuses and qualities. I will begin with the cons and shortcomings. In all reality the idea that one man, a solitary ââ¬Å"leaderâ⬠could have this force put into him with a solitary view on the whole countryââ¬â¢s individual decisions, strict convictions, way of life decisions, culture and virtues is past crazy and a type of servitude on the off chance that you ask me. His perspectives are not imparted to the whole nation and for a solitary individual to be in charge of them everything is upsetting to excess. These rulers were perceived as Franceââ¬â¢s incomparable lawmakers, agents, judicators and leader of the whole nation. At the end of the day, the appointed authority, attorneys and jury! I would state that is a significant ââ¬Å"conâ⬠in that spot! Absolutism doesnââ¬â¢t consider and even invalidated any recorded advancements during the logical unrest during the Enlightenment period. It likewise exposes science hypotheses, new thoughts on creation, ethics speculations, individual family esteems, singular ways of life and developmental nature of mankind all in all. It additionally needs social contrasts and huge numbers of the rulers appeared to be narrow minded to any social assorted variety. Another shortcoming is that Absolutism essentially disregards the conditions wherein moral decisions are made and in todayââ¬â¢s world in the twentieth and 21st hundreds of years those are the very opportunities and freedoms we have as Americans. Itââ¬â¢s a bad dream thinking back in history and finding out about these well off, childish and voracious raucous men being the rulers and leaders of a whole nation. Extremely one ââ¬Å"mindâ⬠and ââ¬Å"theoryâ⬠for all? Thank heavens for the Enlightenment time when the wise, taught and ethically stable men adapted to the situation to change the world in which they lived in from the dull ages into the ââ¬Å"lightâ⬠known as the Enlightenment time frame! The last ââ¬Å"conâ⬠of Absolutism that is likely the most perilous to their general public was the way that there was no Democrati c authenticity on the grounds that the pioneer was not chosen by the individuals he acquired the situation by either a family dying or given to them by a resigning lord. So any obligation and responsibility is deficient with regards to with regards to a terrible decision by a wasteful dictator of a ruler. A few models incorporate religion convictions and maiming to the non-devotees and adherents, a race to judgment for a wrongdoing the charged probably won't have submitted with their ââ¬Å"eye for an eyeâ⬠standpoint of remorseless disciplines in light of the fact that recall there was no preliminaries, members of the jury and their ââ¬Å"governmentâ⬠came up short on that freedom to safeguard yourself and express your real thoughts in that time. It was an incredible crossroads in history when Absolutism hit its timeframe of realistic usability with the age of the Enlightenment on the ascent with an increasingly modernized perspective. The geniuses and qualities were difficult to accumulate however taking my one-sided cap off for a second I can open my brain to different peopleââ¬â¢s assessments and various perspectives on Absolutismâ⬠¦.I surmise. Absolutism can give a fixed moral code which gives clear good decisions in circumstances where there is a requirement fo r moral direction. Their thoughts are that ethical quality isnââ¬â¢t dependent on individual or gathering inclinations but instead on outright and widespread qualities. A few people feel itââ¬â¢s better to follow at that point to lead and it permits various social orders to share basic qualities. It could bring steadiness and a progressively affable society when everybody follows a similar ruler, regardless of whether they concur with it or not, the ruler sets clear and basic standards which would any stay away from clashes, contradictions and any close to home predispositions since choices and outcomes are not considered. This would be to some degree valuable with regards to choices on war since choices are reached and actualized rapidly, as there is a no discussion and administration included. There is a feeling of balance inside the legislature on the grounds that similar standards apply to everybody in each circumstance. Taking everything into account, it is presence of mind that having an Absolute government over a Democracy is totally crazy. We have made some amazing progress from the dim ages into the time of the Enlightenment, the Scientific and American upsets, alongside the final product of a solid U.S. Constitution and Bills of Rights that is currently the establishment to our countryââ¬â¢s common freedoms and opportunities we highly esteem and are grateful to have. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-65643261062341858122020-08-21T05:27:00.001-07:002020-08-21T05:27:33.268-07:00Word of the Week! Hyperbole Richmond WritingWord of the Week! Hyperbole Richmond Writing Dr. Jerry Tarver, Professor of Rhetoric Communication Studies, nominated our word, hyperbole. Dr. Tarver provides this interesting anecdote: William F. Buckley, Jr. once gave a speech at UR in which he discussed the compulsion politicians have for overstatement. He called this tendency the hyperbolic imperative and unfortunately lost the attention of a large number of students. The word makes a useful distinction between outright lying and simple exaggeration. Hyperbole in practice is not all bad by any means; the best of writers make use of it. And it is also a word best pronounced by not looking at it. That insight will prove useful to me, personally, whenever I hear too much news; then I slip into to thinking of hyperbole as much closer to an outright lie than what Buckley claimed. So what is the origin of this term? Looking closer, I imagine a forgotten deity from the age of Pericles. The OED Online supports the common usage as overstatement for rhetorical effect; so far, so good then. The etymology here is indeed Greek, meaning excess. As for early uses, the OED goes back to 1529 and no less a speaker and writer than Catholic martyr Thomas More, best known today for his Utopia and death at the hands of Henry VIII. More noted, in the spelling of his day, a maner of speking which is among lerned men called yperbole, for the more vehement expressyng of a mater. Seven decades later, Shakespeare spelled the word hiperbole but used it in the same way as More had done. Modern spelling has settled down, but not so a drift in meaning to something very close to lying, thus making a falsehood out of what was once merely exaggeration. We enjoy hyperbole frequently in tall tales, in the hyperbolic commentary of sportscasters or, with a wink, in political speeches. Nominate a word by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week here. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-23389126896016669102020-06-05T18:35:00.001-07:002020-06-05T18:35:03.021-07:00Benchmark Ethical Dilemmas - Free Essay Example Benchmark Ethical Dilemmas Performance enhancing drugs can be a huge asset to athletes. There are also extreme health risks associated with these drugs. This drug is currently not illegal yet but has there been any test studies on the health risks? Paul may lose his starting position if he doesnt keep pace with the other members of his team. Using non-illegal performance enhancing drugs is an acceptable method to increase body mass and speed. This paper will address the ethical dilemma of using performance enhancing drugs, from the perspective of a former athlete. Ethical Dilemma Considering the financial upside for an athlete who may consider doping as a means of greater performance to increase their earnings, what do they have to worry about? Even if they are exposed, theyve already reaped the benefits. (Brumagin, 2012) If the drug is not illegal who are we to say if it is right or wrong? Ethical thinking and practices are associated with positive ethics speaks to the professional goal of helping others doing competent, beneficial work. (Etzel Skvarla, 2017) The use of banned drugs can lead to fines and suspensions, but they can also be used medically in the rehabilitation from an injury. Many of these drugs are like hormones that aid in repair of the muscle tissue. Some increase the red blood cell levels. They can also aid in kidney disease. Faster recovery times for sports such as swimming or bicycling. Ethically speaking, PEDs are a beneficial part of sports and medicine. Core Beliefs Legally his response can be to use or not based on his personal choice. The PED is not a banned substance so there would be no legal implications. Physically, he would assure his starting spot. Besides making Paul quicker, bigger and stronger PEDs also can help him recover after a workout or event. Football is a physically demanding sport that requires speed and strength with quick recovery times. A study by Rogerston and colleagues (2007) nicely illustrates this effect of performance-enhancing drugs. (Linnaeus, 2017) Bench press strength and cycling performance increased vs a placebo group. With results coming in 3 weeks vs the typical 6 to 12 weeks. Increased recovery can be found in Miller and Btaiche (2009)s study showed that oxandrolone (a synthetic derivative of testosterone) improved lean body mass, increased muscle strength, and restored body weight in patients with severe thermal injuries. (Linnaeus, 2017) Spiritually he can be placated by the truth that it is not a banned s ubstance. If at some time in the future the PED becomes banned, then he has a whole new set of facts to consider. Physically, Mentally and Spiritually. Resolution This is a difficult question ethically from a Christians worldview. God blessed us with this body, is it ok for us to alter that blessing? Is there a place for healthy enhancement? (McGarvey, 2007) Lets consider context for a moment. As we are commanded to take dominion over creation to improve the world. At what point is it too much? When does it become a battle against Gods will? Lets take cosmetic surgery, many believers look down on this procedure strictly for vanity sake. However, those same believers have no moral dilemma to use that same cosmetic surgery to restore a burn victim. Therefore, context must be taken into consideration. (McGarvey, 2007) In our PED scenario Paul should pass on using this drug strictly for enhancement purposes. If he was using them to recover from a serious injury the moral compass could be pointed differently. The Bible has a lot to say about sins of the heart and attitude. Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Chr ist (Philippians 1:27) Evaluation The Christian worldview would almost certainly cost Paul his starting position on the football team and possibly the opportunity to go farther in his chosen sport. But, maybe God didnt have being a sports star in Paul future. The Law of unintended consequences holds that almost all human actions have at least one unintended consequence. Unintended consequences are a common phenomenon, due to the complexity of the world and human over-confidence. Author Unknown human over-confidence. Author Unknown The law of unintended consequences is not a divine mandate, but more a proverbial wisdom. (Marquez, 2013) In 1 Peter 1:15 16, we are told, that we are to be holy because our God is holy. Although we strive to this expectation none of us are too good at it. We tend to look for external source to modify our behaviors which is a recipe for failure. The very thing that we thought would save us will eventually crush us (Rom 7:10) Comparison Based off my limited research on Pantheism, it appears that this religions worldview would allow Paul to utilize the science of PEDs. One of the basic concepts states: Respect for reason, evidence and the scientific method as our best ways of understanding nature and the Universe. (Harrison, 1997) With this concept I believe that as a moral question is positive. Gaia links together plants, animals, bacteria, rocks, oceans, and atmosphere in a unity that shapes the planet and maintains life on earth. We are one with the planet and with all life. (Harrison, 1996) This is different for the Christian Worldview in that Christians believe the body was given to us as a perfect being and we should not try to remake Gods creation. Conclusion During the research of for this paper I was a little biased about PEDs. Looking at it from a Christian Worldview showed me some other concepts and ideas. I still believe that since the substance is not banned, and he could lose his starting spot on the team, it behooves him to least get caught up with his other team mates. Ethically for a Christian, context plays a very important factor in moral ambiguity. Unintended consequences could be that Christians are not represented in sports as much. There are other religions in our world and Pantheism is one that I believe would allow Paul to prosper by taking the PEDs. As a former athlete that utilized non-banned enhancements I think Paul is not being a team player. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-10530373846949772892020-05-24T15:18:00.001-07:002020-05-24T15:18:02.973-07:00Animal Hoarding Psychology of the Cat Lady Stereotype jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-88185603618414852232020-05-17T04:23:00.001-07:002020-05-17T04:23:12.921-07:00Understanding Key Components Of Performance Management - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1708 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? An effective performance management system integrates organisational, business and individual planning and performance. Performance management systems components include: Development of clear job descriptions The selection of right people with an appropriate selection process Provide effective orientation, training and development. Clarify performance objectives and linking these with organisational business plans. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Understanding Key Components Of Performance Management" essay for you Create order Conduct regular performance appraisal of individuals against the achievement of these objectives. On-going coaching and feedback Recognition or compensation that reward people for their performance Provide career development opportunities Actions to deal with poor performing employees. Evaluate the involvement of individual, team and organisational performance. One of the main issues mentioned in the case study was regarding recognition regarding pay and performance. Research on high performing companies has consistently shown that they have at least one common characteristic: their people understand the strategy of the business and believe that if they perform well, they will be recognized and rewarded by the organization. (Wilson Group, 2010) If Colbran Institute is able to develop a appraisal system where recognition is documented and rewards Colbran Institute will be in a better situation when it comes to employee morale and motivation and be able to achieve company goals. Performance Appraisals Performance appraisals are one of the most important components of performance management and are designed to measure and improve employee performance. Edwin B. Flippo wrote in his book titled Personnel Management that performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employees excellence in the matters pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job. (Flippo, Edwin B. 1979) The performance appraisal process articulates the standards of work expected of employees and the values and behaviours employees are expected to uphold in meeting their job requirements, communicating and working with others. The information that performance appraisals provide, provides foundations for recruiting and engaging new employees, development and training of existing employees, and maintaining a quality team by adequately and properly rewarding their performance. If a reliable performance appraisal system is not put in place, a human resource manageme nt system will fail, resulting in the total waste of the valuable human assets an organisation has. The key objective of appraisal is to provide employees with feedback on their performance provided by the line manager. (Caruth, Donald. 2008). The main objectives of performance appraisals are to: Assess the performance of employees over a period of time Help manage the gap between actual and desired performance Indentify strengths and weaknesses of employees, which in turn will identify training and development needs. Provide feedback on past performance Give clarity of the responsibilities and expectations of the employee in the upcoming appraisal period. Therefore, Performance management leads to higher performance that is more closely directed to the strategic objectives of the organization whereas Performance appraisal and feedback assist employees to understand what work they do well and how they can improve their performance. Issues Identified From r eading the case study provided by Colbran Institute there seems to be a number of issues regarding the use of the graphical rating scale performance appraisal system. The graphical rating scale is one of the most popular methods of performance appraisal, it is easy to understand and cost effective to setup and manage. It involves listing subjective traits that the organization considers important for effectiveness on the job for example integrity, reliability, initiative and objective factors such as quality of work. The employee then gets a rating against each trait; these scores are then added up and produce an overall performance score for the employee. As seen with Colbran Institute the graphic rating scale does have a number of disadvantages; issues that have been brought forward include: Rater Errors Generalization of traits No real measurement achieved Issues from pass work history are not reflected. This form of performance appraisal is subject to rating er rors mainly due to rater bias which result in incorrect appraisals. Rating errors include central tendency, leniency, severity and the halo effect. In Colbran Institutes situation the rating errors consist of leniency and the halo effect. Leniency is demonstrated when the evaluator rates most employees very highly across performance dimensions rather then spread them throughout the performance scale, in Isabels case she has rated most employees as either good or excellent. Generalisation of traits is another issue that occurs when using the graphical rating system as it might have traits such as creativity which is assessed the same on all employees appraisal. This could become an issue if the employee is working in a position where creativity isnt something that relates to their work. They could be a data entry clerk for example which doesnt involve any creativity; therefore they might get marks down for this because it is unable to be shown; whereas someone that works in market ing would be the completely different. Another issue Colbarn Institute has is the generalities of the documentation produced from the appraisal. Allan suggests to Isabel What is good quality to you might be average to me or someone else and vice versa. This is something that needs to be considered with maybe a review by a second and third level manager. But you will still have the issue so of employees not understanding what is expected from them, for instance an employee is given the rating of 2 on motivation, the question is how is he able to improve this? Another common error in performance appraisal is the halo effect. This occurs when a managers general impression of an employee, after observing one aspect of performance, influences his/her judgment on other aspects of the employees overall performance for the assessment period. This is demonstrated in the case study when Allan asks Isabel about past performance of her employees and she replies with Well in the odd case, a couple of them have let things go a bit. This is not reflected anywhere in the appraisal. Task 2: (500 WORDS) Recommendation An effective performance appraisal system provides guidance so employees understand what is expected of them in their position. It provides flexibility so that employee creativity is encouraged and strengths are utilized. It provides enough control so that employees understand what the organization is trying to achieve. This is why I have put forward Management By Objectives appraisal system as the recommended system that Colbran Institute should take on board. Management by Objectives Management by Objectives was first introduced in 1954 by Peter Drucker in his book The Practice of Management. MBO is an appraisal method where the manager and the subordinate define common objectives and major areas of responsibility, then compare and direct their performance against these objectives. It aims to increase organizational performance by aligning organizational and individual goals throughout the organization. George Odiorne in his thesis describes Management by objectives as a process whereby the superior and subordinate managers of an organization jointly identify its common goals, define each individuals major areas of responsibility in terms of results expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contributions of each of its members.(Odiorne, George S. 1965) In Management by Objectives appraisal system, objectives are written down for each level of the organization, and individuals are given specific aims and t argets. The principle behind this is to ensure that people know what the organization is trying to achieve, what their part of the organization must do to meet those aims, and how, as individuals, they are expected to help. This presupposes that organizations programs and methods have been fully considered. If they have not, start by constructing team objectives and ask team members to share in the process. (Heller, Robert 1998) Advantages and Disadvantages MBO overcomes some of the issues that arise from the Graphical Rate Scale as a result of assuming that the employee traits needed for their job success are the same for the whole organization and can be reliably identified and measured. The MBO method concentrates on actual outcomes, instead of assuming traits. An employee has demonstrated an acceptable level of job performance if the employee meets or exceeds the set objectives. Employees are not judged on their potential for success or on their supervisors subjective opinion of their abilities by on real outcomes. The main principle of the MBO appraisal system is that direct results can be observed, where as the traits (which might not even relate to an employees position) and attributes of employees must be guessed. Management by objectives also has its disadvantages like any appraisal method. The main issue with this appraisal technique is the initial development of objectives can be time consuming, which takes employe es and managers away from there actual work. When writing objectives for a performance appraisal it must be realize that in this day and age priorities and goals are constantly changing. This is something organizations have to be able to deal with to keep ahead of the game. The Performance Management scheme The new appraisal system will fit into the overall performance management scheme by aiming to increase organizational performance by aligning goals and management objectives throughout the organization. All managers and staff will participate in the strategic planning process, in order to improve the implement ability of the plan and implement a range of performance systems, designed to help the organization stay on track. Colbran Institute employees will get more input into identifying their objectives, milestones and timelines for completion and have a clear understanding of how their roles and responsibilities contribute to the aims of the organization as well as its str ategic goals. Management by objectives also includes ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to reach objectives. MBO would be appropriate for Colbran Institute to take on board because it is a knowledge-based organization where the employees are competent in their jobs. It is appropriate in this situation as we wont to build employees management and self-leadership skills and utilize their creativity and knowledge. Conclusion: This report has analyzed the role of performance management at Colbran Institute. It has taken a look at the current performance appraisal method and put forward a new structure which involves Management by objectives. Management of objectives is an efficient and balanced technique that will allow management to receive maximum results form their current employees by focusing on achievable goals. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-16282137605835491302020-05-13T21:47:00.001-07:002020-05-13T21:47:05.970-07:00Investors influence on publicly listed companies - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 26 Words: 7700 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Are institutional investors influence over publicly listed companies over-stepping the mark? A case study of De Vere Group Plc and Guinness Peat Group Plc. Table of Contents 1.1 The Climate à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. 3 Chapter 2 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" The Takeover Attempt à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. 7 2.1 The Makings of An Attractive Takeover Target à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 7 2.2 De Vere Group Plc à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. 10 2.3 Guinness Peat Plc à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 17 Chapter 3 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Literature Review à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ 24 3.1 Stakeholders à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 24 3.2 Corporate Governance à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 25 3.3 Company Ownership à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 26 3.4 Shareholder Powers à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.. 29 3.5 Management Responsibilities à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. 30 Chapter 4 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"Conclusions and Recommendations à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ 31 Bibliography à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ 34 The beginning of the industrial revolution created new opportunities as well as problems for the business enterprises of that era in that there were a limited number of individuals as well as investors who could finance the large sums of capital needed to underwrite the vast scale of equipment, resources and expansion required. In order to capitalize upon the numerous opportunities which were presenting themselves as well as avoid being overexposed in any one venture, financial markets rose as a means for several investors to join in sharing the risks as well as the fina ncial investment. The beginnings of the preceding, financial markets, started in Europe to finance the industrial revolution as well as the expansionist policies of the British empire (eCommercenow, 2005). Todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial markets are the medium for the processing of various business financial transactions ranging from new issues to stock trading. Through the issuance of shares as well as financial reporting and public disclosure businesses are able to raise capital to finance new plant and equipment, expansion, research and development along with other purposes to increase sales, market share and bottom line performance. The ability to raise capital does come with certain expectations on the part of shareholders who hold a stake in the performance of the company, thus its directors and management must produce bottom line results. This measure of influence afforded by stock regulations and shareholder representation in the affairs of the company through annual s hareholder meetings and voting on the Board creates interesting scenarios. Shareholders are able to review managementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s performance and as such can question various aspects at the shareholders meeting. Substandard performances have seen directors and executives removed from their positions, as well as serving to fuel takeover bids by investment companies who advise shareholders that they can receive a better return under their management. The reverse of this scenario also occurs. When the company has done and/or is doing well, the accumulation of assets, cash and other related positive financial aspects serve as attractive bait for various investment companies to seek to take over operations. In the United States, the quintessential corporate investment firm is Kohlberg, Kravis Roberts (KKR), known for their utilization of the leveraged buyout (LBO) through the creation of limited partnerships to take control of corporations. Known for their leveraged buyout of R JR Nabisco, Gillette, Safeway, Borden and other companies (kkr, 2005), they have acquired the reputation as corporate raiders. Known as an investment holding company, Guinness Peat Group Plc focus on acquiring positions in as well as owning public companies engaged in various industry sectors. This case study shall examine the offer by Guinness Peat for De Vere Group Plc focusing upon the reasons resulting in the offer as well as the factors contributing to same. 1.1 The Climate The events leading up to the offer by Guinness Peat Plc for De Vere Group Plc find themselves rooted in the overall climate of global as well as the British stock markets preceding 2004 when the indicated offer was tendered. 2001 saw a recession grip the United States economy that affected a drastic reduction in growth in developed as well as developing countries throughout the globe(nyu.2005). The pattern of global bull and bear markets during the prior decade had seen its fortunes tied to the economi c and stock market performances of the United States and Japan as the principle regional economic engines in the Americas and Asia. The unification effects of the European Union and the adoption of the euro as a singular measure of currency would not go into affect until January 1, 2002 (euro.com, 2005), thus Europeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s influence on global markets in 2001 was still fragmented, with Germany being the most consistent performer. Koutmos (1995) and Bae et al (1994) postulated that events, such as corporate news, job data, positive and negative developments, that transpired in the market in the United States are rapidly transmitted throughout the globe and help to influence global market performance. The preceding is a result of the dominance of the United States market in trading volume as well as being the most influential source and producer of information. The attacks on the World Trade Center in New York city, as well as subsequent commercial airliner attacks in Wa shington D.C. and Virginia, impacted global economies further intensifying the recession that had started in March of that year. The preceding view of the United States as a driver of global economies is also shared by Masih et al (2001) whose empirical evidence confirmed that price leadership in U.S. markets influences global economics and stock market indices. This market sensitivity to news from the United States creates a climate whereby international investors tend to overreact to news transmitted from this source, and be less concerned with news from other regions (Becker et al, 1995). The foregoing, along with a summary of subsequent years leading up to the 2004 offer by Guinness Peat, helps to chart the mood and climate for shareholders and investors that created the atmosphere for the preceding. The recovery in 2002 was one that showed a growth in output, but not jobs, and thus was considered à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"weakà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ by economists. And stock markets were fur ther affected by the accounting scandals in the United States involving Enron, Worldcom and other Blue Chip firms. These contributed to a loss of confidence by investors and saw the London FTSE fall 24 percent from its May 2002 peak (Middle East Survey, 2002). The Bear market that had gripped global economies was in its third year and represented the longest consecutive period of declining stocks in the United States since 1939 through 1941 (Taylor, 2002). The foregoing also affected stock markets as well as economies in every major developed and developing country throughout the globe. It is important to understand the conditions that contributed to the long running Bear market as these events would later influence Guinness Peat Plc in its analysis of De Vere Group Plc and the need to place a major deal in its investment portfolio after some lean IPO and stock performance years. The Bear market run was driven in 2000 through 2002 by the following factors (Taylor, 2002): Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investors influence on publicly listed companies" essay for you Create order The Technology Bubble burst and there was an overvaluation of the stock market in other sectors as well. 2001à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s recession along with the slow pace of the recovery that gripped most the major developed economies, as well as most developing economies. Investor loss of confidence in analysts, companies, CEOà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s and Wall Street in general as a result of scandals and corporate wrongdoing. The threat of terrorism, war and varied geopolitical concerns became headline topics with scant resolution in terms of solving or resolving the fundamental causes or proponents. The significance of the preceding events manifested themselves in: The biggest bankruptcies in history as Enron with $63 billion, was followed by Global Crossings at $25 billion, along with Kmart with $17 billion, and a host of other companies, not to mention the prior dot.com shakeup which was still affecting various industries. The Sarbanes à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Oxley Act of 2002 was a sobering reminder of the potential for corporate financial reporting as evidenced by the indicated bankruptcies that preceded its passage. It was enacted to instill renewed investor confidence in the market as a result of new laws enacted to control the potential for white-collar crime with severe penalties. Governmental Actions The weakness in economies throughout 2002 caused the United States Federal Reserve to attempt to restore confidence by cutting interest rates by 50 basis points on November 6, 2002 in conjunction with a similar action by the European Central Bank which occurred on December 5, 2002. The heavy U.S. trade deficit as well as United States overspending on its budget kept markets from rebounding and created the environment whereby the U.S. dollar declined. Each of the preceding contributed to a stagnated U.S. market and a resulting weakness in major global markets thus aiding the long Bear run. It is important to understand the aspects that drove the markets down over the three year period of 2000 through 2002 as this will help to explain investor and shareholder sentiment in the United Kingdom during 2004 as well as the management rationales for Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s De Vere offer. Taylor (2002) indicated that there were four factors to keep in mind regarding the poor perf ormance of financial markets and economies during 2000 through 2002, In order for the Bear market to come to an end, Taylor (2002) stated that two or more of the indicated factors had to change: Stock prices needed to fall, or corporate earning needed to rise in order to eliminate stock overvaluation in the market, Americaà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s economy needed to recover and begin expanding, confidence needed to be regained by investors in the integrity of the stock market, and The various geopolitical threats and concerns resulting from terrorism needed to be brought under control. 2003 saw a modest recovery in the stock market and global economies taking hold. Part of the optimism was attributed to the ending of the war in Iraq, but more telling were the improved earnings reports from companies and increased dividend yields which helped to pull investor money out of bonds and back to stocks (Boland, 2003). Sellers (2004) indicated that the strength of the market recovery in 2003 was not to be found in the major indices, but in a broad look at how the average non blue chip stocks performed during that year. Sellers (2004) indicated that 5,201 of the Morningstar index of 5,999 stocks (87%) recorded stock price gains. The preceding, along with a 26% gain in the Standard Poorà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s 500 index where fully 92% of all the stocks recorded an increase in year end stock prices signaled across the board economic strength. For the year the NASDAQ composite increased by 50%, the Dow Jones industrial average recorded a 25% gain, and the Russell 2000 increased by 45% for its best year its 25-year existence.(Norris, 2004) These developments in the American financial markets aided as well as coincided with recoveries in other countries. The tracking of financial market and economic performance in the United States during the preceding periods, 2001 through 2003, is important as global markets are influenced by developments in the American economy. The indication of market conditions in the United States closely mirrored developments in the United Kingdom thus signaling an end to the longest running Bear market in history. It is important to note that as a result of trade, and other economic variables, that the British recovery lagged approximately three to five months behind the recovery in the United States. The market shakeouts recorded as a result of the recession, scandals, Sarbanes à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Oxley Act of 2002, and governmental actions helped to restore market stability and the resulting investor confidence. The preceding s ummary of global stock markets and economic conditions represents important background information in understanding the attractiveness of De Vere Group Plc to Guinness Peat Plc in terms of its Partial Cash Offer in 2004. The financial misreporting and other glowing corporate and industry predictions that marked the foundations of the Bear market signaled a return to equity and asset barometers as indices of corporate strength and performance and this is the corporate financial area that Guinness Peat concentrated on in its appeal to De Vere shareholders. Chapter 2 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" The Takeover Attempt 2.1 The Makings of An Attractive Takeover Target To understand the reasons as to Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s interest in De Vere Group Plc, one must be cognizant of the workings of public companies and the environment in which they operate. These factors were present, from an historical as well as contemporary standpoint, when Guinness Peat made the internal determinati on to proceed with its Partial Cash Offer for De Vere Group Plc. In order to understand the context of such decisions by an investment company, such as Guinness Peat, evaluating which potential target to seek and for what reasons, along with an understanding of what might have been considered as the rationale(s) for making such an offer shall be explored. Founded in 1801 (Wikipedia, 2005), the London Stock Exchange is the conduit via which public companies interact with financial markets. In the United Kingdom the exchange is the watchdog over the rules and regulations governing publicly traded companies, unlike the system in the United States where the Securities and Exchange Commission as separate and autonomous government agency oversees rules and regulations. In 2001 the United Kingdom enacted the Financial Services Agency (FSA) (Carriere et al, 2002) which combines all prior United Kingdom agencies having oversight concerning securities matters under one umbrella. The role o f this agency might one day encompass a regulatory position that might be similar to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, however at this time it operates as an independent agency à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦that regulates the financial services industry in the United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . (FSA, 2005) The FSA has been provided with a broad array of rule making as well as investigative and enforcement powers to enable it to meet the four statutory objectives set forth for its existence (FSA,2001): Market Confidence à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" to maintain investor confidence in the financial system, Public Awareness à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" to promote a clear understanding of the financial system to the general public, Consumer Protection à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" to secure an appropriate measure of protection for the public, and Reduction of Financial Crime à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" to reduce the extent for which it is possible to utilize a commercial enterprise for an end that is connected with the commission of a financial crime. The extent to which the London Stock Exchange is revered can be found in the fact that the countries of continental Europe have modeled their capital markets on the British system.(Carrie et al, 2002) Guinness Peat, under Sir Ron Brierley, aspires to a reputation as à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦the Warren Buffett of the South Pacificà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sharechat, 2001) and thus the firm has acquired a reputation as a corporate raider. While the term itself sounds somewhat ominous the actual practice (corporate raid), is a viable financial strategy. A corporate raid is when an investment company (usually the initiator of such events) seeks a hostile takeover of a public company whereby the assets of the acquired company are sold off in pieces and the prices such a liquidation of the entities within that business produce exceed what was paid. As a result, the acquired company in most cases no longer continues to operate. The term à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âhostileà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã i s utilized in this instance as Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s offer for De Vere Group Plc was targeted at shareholders to cause them to vote in favor of the Partial Cash Offer. The effect of corporate raiders in terms of the economy as well as the shareholders of the companies involved is still a source for wide debate. There are proponents who believe that corporate raids constitute a damaging activity for shareholders and the economy in that they cause and create large-scale economic disruption of activity, not only for the affected company, but for the companies that do business with it as well. It is pointed out that the closing of factories, branches or business outlets create levels of unemployment for those workers whose jobs disappear as a result. On the other side of the coin there are proponents who believe that the existence of corporate raiders help to cleanse the market of companies where management has been lax in managing assets. An example of the preceding is wh en a company has large assets and a low stock price. In such an instance company management should seek higher stock pricing thus increasing investor confidence and providing shareholders with either dividends or the opportunity to trade shares and derive a profit. As a result some argue that corporate raiders serve to prevent business managers from become complacent and thus find means to redistribute assets (capital) from lower performing sectors of the economy to more productive sectors. There are those who point to the fact that the existence of raiders is a factor as to why the market performance of companies based in the United States during the 1990à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s exceeded those in Germany and Japan where corporate raiding is not permitted. The maximization of shareholder value is one of the responsibilities of management in seeing to the interests of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s shareholders, as well as the company itself. (Mayer, 1999) The recession climate that gr ipped capital markets and global economies from 2000 through the beginnings of 2003 created a lot of anxiety on the part of shareholders as well as investment firms in that the opportunities to yield profitable outcomes had diminished to scant few opportunities. The recession period followed one of the longest running Bull markets, 1989 through 1999, which saw the dot.com, technology and telecom revolutions. The pent up desire to return to the profit making of that era could have been a factor in Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s De Vere offer. In order to equate if this, or other factors are the reasons behind this event, an analysis of both De Vere Group Plc and Guinness Peat Plc is in order. The preceding will examine these companies during 2000 through 2004 in order to gain a perspective on their operations, profitability and other factors, as these areas had an impact on the Offer of Guinness Peat in 2004. 2.2 De Vere Group Plc Trading on the London Stock Exchange as De Ve re Group Plc (DVR), the company engages in operating in both the hotel and health / fitness sectors, two areas that the company sees as growth oriented. This focus was arrived at in 1999 when the company opted to transform its core business as a diversified leisure group to the current corporate positioning. The preceding shift in direction was under taken to maximize shareholder value and entailed management shifting resources, administrative systems and personnel from the tenanted as well as managed pub businesses. The tenanted division, which consisted of the Inn Partnership, was sold for Ãâà £370 million in January of 1999, and the managed division, Greenalls Pubs and Restaurants, was sold for Ãâà £1.14 billion in December of 1999. Management utilized a portion of the proceeds from these sales to return Ãâà £529 million to the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s shareholders by a special dividend and capital payment, while Ãâà £392 million was utilized to pay off debt. Th e structured company was changed from Greenalls Group to De Vere Group in 2000. The preceding sale of the indicated business entities signaled managementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s intention to completely divest itself of all Tavern and drinks wholesaling businesses. This was accomplished by the end of February 2001 when 17 depots were sold and the remaining units closed. The present company, De Vere Group Plc,, consists of two hotel brands, De Vere Hotels and Village Hotels Leisure Clubs, as well as a separate health and fitness brand titled Greens. In addition to the preceding, De Vere also owns a small sized white spirits company called GJ Greenall (Drinks Business Review, 2005). De Vere Hotels are the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s upscale market chain that consists of 21 locations. Targeted at the corporate and leisure markets these hotels have conference and a broad array of leisure facilities, including golf clubs. De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s mid-range hotel division consists of 14 Vi llage Leisure Hotels that contain health and fitness facilities. The De Vere brand name has enjoyed public acceptance in its positioning and this has permitted the company to leverage this awareness to create De Vere Resort Ownership, which are lucrative timeshare lodges are the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s resort properties. These lodges are currently situated in three locations: Cameron House, Loch Lomond, Slaley Hall, Northumbria Belton Woods, Lincolnshire The Greens brand consists of stand-alone health and fitness facilities that are targeted at the premium segment of the market. This divisionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s consumer strategy focuses on the adult segment of the population and also appeals to families. There are 15 Greens each comprising approximately 40,000 square feet of space equipped with gyms, steam rooms, spas, saunas, pools and facilities for aerobics. De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s GJ Greenall division manufacturers spirits under its own brand name, Greenalls Original and Daresbury Q, as well as manufacturing premium brands for Bacardi International (Bombay Gin and Bombay Sapphire). It is the performance of the company in preceding years that generated the interest of Guinness Peat in tendering its Partial Cash Offer. As such, the years succeeding the 1999 management refocus hold the answers to this question. 2.2.1 2000 The effects of the shift in corporate operations undertook by management in 1999 were revealed in the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Annual Report statements. The Chief Executiveà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Operating Review summarized the financial position, in comparison to 1999, as follows: Table 1 1999 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" 2000 Comparisons à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" De Vere Group Plc. (De Vere Annual Report, 2000) 2000 Turnover 1999 Turnover 2000 Pre-tax Profit 1999 Pre-tax Profit Ãâà £478.4m Ãâà £899m Ãâà £37.9m Ãâà £91.9m While the figures indicate a sharp decline from 1999 figures, they also reflect the loss of revenues from divestiture as well as the Ãâà £529 million which was paid to company shareholders via a special dividend as well as the Ãâà £392 million that was used to pay company debt. The resulting leaner company was therefore able to concentrate its energies on the new direction with a better looking balance sheet in terms of debt ratios and thus attractiveness to finance new operations from the cash derived from the sale of divisions. Although the overall revenue declined, as a result of the sale of operations and the fact that the sale of business divisions contributed just eight weeks of earnings, the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s revenues from those businesses it retained showed an increase of 13.5 percent to Ãâà £232.5 million, compared against Ãâà £204.9 million reported for 1999. The new health and fitness divisions increased their revenues by 15.2 percent to Ãâà £206.6 million from Ãâà £179.2 million, and this combined with the core hotel operations returned a profit of 15 percent, or Ãâà £15.5 million. (De Vere, 2000) It is interesting to note that De Vere actually functioned in a similar manner to a corporate raider when it changed the course of its business strategy by selling off existing operations to invest and enter what management deemed more profitable business sectors. De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s entry into the health and fitness sector focused on the inherent weakness in this growing segment which was dominated by smaller local and regional operators. The unified nature of its market positioning under a large public company added luster to its entry as the company focused on upscale market imaging and demographics. Its Greens division profited from this positioning in terms of what the public perceived as quality management decisions that were overseeing this middle market demographic entry. The facilities are new, well planned and not lacking in the latest equipment and techniques. The ability of the company to focus economic clout on facilities and equipment provided consumers with a unified and identifiable brand it could trust. The preceding resulted in a membership roster of 78,000 in the De Vere Hotel, Village Leisure and Greens divisions. 2001 The companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s move to hotels and health and leisure facilities represented the acquisition of real estate which the company either developed through the construction of new facilities or purchased via existing operations such as the Cavendish Hotel for Ãâà £60 million which it purchased in December of 2000. These build outs and acquisitions have the effect of strengthening the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s balance sheet from the gain of developed properties as well as the revenue derived from these operations. In addition, memberships generate a continuous revenue stream as well as a base for marketing promotions and other activities. The companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s upscale market approach left its core business less susceptible to economic swings as a result of the relative demographic stability of the upper income profile. The company increased the number of hotel rooms under the De Vere brand to 4,303 units, representing a 10.8% increase, and generated an operat ing profit of Ãâà £49.7 million as opposed to the Ãâà £46.5. 2001 represented the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s first full year under its new operating structure and core businesses (De Vere, 2001). The company considered a sale of its Greens division, however the events of September 11th in the United States caused the Board to rethink its position in light of the looming economic uncertainty. The global economic slowdown that followed flattened the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s earnings and slowed the development of new facilities as well as market expansion in a tight travel and entertainment sector. Table 2 De Vere Group Plc Operating Highlights 2001 (De Vere Annual Report. 2001) 2001 Ãâà £m 2000 Ãâà £m % change Turnover 273.8 232.5 +17.7% Operating Profit 49.7 46.5 +7.1% 2002 The company managed to fair quite well in 2002 with strong performances throughout the Groupà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s divisions in its upscale market niche. One example is the increase of 1.4% and 0.7% in the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s De Vere Hotel and Village Hotels Leisure Clubs, respectively. The preceding compares against industry declines of 2.9% in the countryà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s provincial market. (De Vere, 2002) The foregoing attests to managementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s decision to target the upper income segment of the market in a defensive move against market downturns, and as a marketing move at higher profits due to disposable incomes. The preceding helped both of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s hotel brands to outperform the market. The companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s positioning and long-standing sponsorship of the Ryder Cup positioned it in the premium category further adding to the brandà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s worth. In the tough climate that impacted the business as well as consumer travel and leisure markets in 2002 as a result of the aftermath of 9/11, the De Vere Group still managed to grow by 1.8% in a receding market. More importantly the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s stock share price managed to maintain a steady moderate upward swing during the global recession earning it the reputation as a stellar performer. The soundness of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s decision to build of new facilities along with acquisitions of existing upscale hotel properties saw the value of its tangible assets rise to Ãâà £848.473 million, and with investments standing at 6.804 million the De Vere Groupà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s fixed assets totaled Ãâà £855.277 million. Table 3 De Vere Group Plc Operating Highlights 2002 (De Vere Annual Report.2002) 2002 Ãâà £m 2001 Ãâà £m % change Turnover 293.9 273.8 +7.3% Operating Profit 51.9 49.7 +4.2% 2003 At the end of 2003 the De Vere Group had 21 De Vere Hotels representing 3,310 rooms, an increase over the 2002-year end total of 3,298. More impressively, the preceding was accomplished in a receding market. The value of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s fixed assets increased from Ãâà £855.277 to Ãâà £869.214, with tangible assets rising to Ãâà £859.114 (from Ãâà £848.473), and investments increasing to Ãâà £10.100 from Ãâà £6.804.(De Vere, 2003) 2003 saw the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s stock price leave its hover between 500 and 400 ranges and move into the solid 600 category at year end. The stock performance demonstrated public confidence in the progress of the company, as well as the steady progression of successful openings and operating results in a tough industry sector. The company accepted the resignation of Paul Dermody who stepped down from the role of Chief Executive, a role which he occupied for three and a half years after forty years of service w ith the company. Carl Leaver was appointed to his post from Whitbread Plc where he was the Managing Director for Travel Inn as well as a prior position of Operations Director for Marriottà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Country Club golf resort hotels. (De Vere, 2003) Table 4 De Vere Group Plc Operating Highlights 2003 (De Vere Annual Report.2003) 2003 Ãâà £m 2002 Ãâà £m % change Turnover 312.2 293.9 +6.2% Operating Profit 54.7 51.9 +5.4% 2004 2004 saw a strengthening of the hotel market in the United Kingdom after three years of decline or stagnant growth. The strengthening of the travel and leisure segment of the market permitted the company to increase the average room rates by 2.0% to Ãâà £84.81 (De Vere, 2004). The effectiveness of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s market positioning in the upscale segment of the market (demographics), along with the consumer perception of superior service and an effective marketing campaign were the underlying reasons attributed to the foregoing. The preceding was demonstrated by the 80% occupancy rate at the acquired De Vere Cavendish hotel, which was purchased in 2001. The foregoing improvements in occupancy rates included the Village Hotels and Leisure Clubs which demonstrated occupancy rates of 80% compared to the industry average of 67.8%, with an increase, on average, of 5.1% in room rates to Ãâà £55.10 (De Vere.2004). Fixed assets totaled Ãâà £860.817m, against Ãâà £859.114m recorded in 2003, and investments accounted for Ãâà £10,243m compared with Ãâà £10.100m in 2003, for a total of Ãâà £871,060 for 2004 (Ãâà £869.214 for 2003). (De Vere, 2004) 2004 marked the year that Guinness Peat Plc tendered its offer for 25% of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s issued share capital which was soundly rejected by the shareholders of which just 0.55% voted in favor. (Bloomberg, 2004) An examination of the De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s asset, earnings and stock price points to a company that had successfully implemented a new direction in its core business and positioned itself in the upscale hotel and leisure industry categories. After just four short years the company had earned a stellar reputation for quality and service and had grown to 21 De Vere hotels and 13 Village Hotels Leisure Clubs. Membership sales at Greens totaled 68,400 individuals and this division had turned profitable in 2003. GJ Greenall increased sales by 6.9% to Ãâà £28.8 and signed a new agreement with Bacardi International through 2012 with a higher margin clause. In all instances the company either met or exceeded its goals and returned shareholder confidence in achieving results in adverse market conditions marked by 2000 through 2003. Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Partial Cash Offer for 25% of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s issued share capital represents an occurrence where the nuances of the offer require close examination as to Guinnessà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ intent. Table 5 De Vere Group Plc Operating Highlights 2004 (De Vere Annual Report.2004) 2004 Ãâà £m 2003 Ãâà £m % change Turnover 321.8 312.2 +3.1% Operating Profit 57.6 54.7 +5.4% 2.3 Guinness Peat Plc 2.3.1 Background on the Company Although headquartered in London, the Guinness Peat Group Plc is one of New Zealandà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s premier companies, listed on the London, Australian and New Zealand stock exchanges. With a market capitalization of Ãâà £690.9 million the company has the financial resources to fund its investment strategies, which include holdings in financial services, manufacturing (thread and foods), building as well as raw materials (aluminum).(GPG, 2005) Its holdings are primarily in Europe as well as Australia and the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s small but experienced core of executives operate with a hands on attitude. The company is known for its selective investment strategy which it makes mostly in public companies. The preceding is for the purpose of enhancing share value through the influence of shareholders as well as announcements and topics at the acquired companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s meetings. Sir Ron Brierley is kno wn as an à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"active investorà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ and some tend to label Guinness Peat as a corporate raider, however, he explains his strategy as akin to an entrepreneur who à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦stirs things up and adds value.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sharechat,2001) Labeled as the à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âWarren Buffett of down underà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sharechat, 2001) Sir Brierleyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s firm, Guinness Peat, has not performed nearly was well as his namesake whose yearly performance for 36 years has averaged 23.5%.(Sharechat, 2001) However, Guinness Peat has outperformed the capital markets wherever it has investment interests over the past nine years. When Sir Brierley took over the company in 1991 it totaled Ãâà £40 million ($60 million) in shareholder funds, a figure that now totals $1 billion. Sir Brierley has an active investor following of approximately 25,000 individuals who have stuck with his strategies almost from the beginning, thus providing the company wi th the clout it needs when the right deal presents itself. Lacking debt Guinness Peat is a sound investment company, further proven by Sir Brierley who takes no salary or feeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s. Rather, Sir Brierley is the single largest shareholder in Guinness Peat and states that his interests are the same as the other shareholders, thus he strives to achieve gains on their behalf. In the past Guinness Peat tended to sit on its investments, engineering strategy and market changes to steer companies down more profitable paths. This hands on style has been somewhat modified under present circumstances as Sir Brierley has stated that when one notices that the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s strategy is changing à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦go sell your stock quick.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sharechat,2001) He explains the preceding as protecting his investors and the company in that they minimize the downside, and by having investments spread across a number of industry sectors that Guinness is n ot over positioned in any one deal, thus if they do make a mistake the company will still be in a strong position. The preceding overview of Guinness Peat and Sir Brierley provides an understanding of the corporate philosophy and will be helpful in analyzing the De Vere Group offer. A company, as well as its leaderà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s reputation, is forged in past deals and how they ultimately faired in terms of investor and shareholder results. Prior to the De Vere offer, Guinness Peat reaped a large dose of negative publicity as well as a tarnished public and industry image. The company held a 16% interest in Inchcape, an international automobile dealer in the United Kingdom. The British press called Guinness a à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦troublemakerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sharechat, 2001) when the company made demands that Inchcape be sold off and $343 million returned to shareholders. The furor in the press resulted from Guinness having stakes in other vehicle deale rs, namely Ryland, Perry and Quicks. It was argued that these companies could possibly benefit from the sell off of Inchcapeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s dealerships thus seemingly representing a conflict of interest. Table 6 Guinness Peat Group Plc Holdings 2002 (hemscottinvestment analysis, 2002) Company Sector Holding (%) Market Cap (Ãâà £) Price (p) Div Yield (%) PE Forecast EPS Growth % Discount To Net Assets (%) Coats Textiles 21.3 356 50.5 6 10 na 43 Dawson Intl. Clothing 29.9 43 42 na 420 na 20 De Vere Hotels 8.3 387 348 3.2 13 6 29 Gowrings Restaurants Car Dealers 11 10 108 4.6 8.5 41 35 Nationwide Accident Car Repair Services 20.7 22 83.5 4.1 14 na 47 Quicks Car Dealer 21 39 96.5 5.2 11 10 20 Ryland Car Dealer 26.3 27 92.5 6 10 na 2 Stylo Clothing Retail 12.6 18 29.5 na 17 na 72 Tops Estates Property 4.7 81 180 2 12 17 54 And the preceding example is not an isolated case. The company is known as a share activist in the United Kingdom by attempting to halt the Deutsche Borse merger (Sharechat, 2001). Although the company has a less than 1% stake in the London Stock Exchange, it flexes its muscles in a manner that exceeds its clout as well as welcome. The British financial circles are well aware of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s bloody battle with Coats Viyella. Guinnessà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ 12% holding in this company was leveraged to remove the board in favor of individuals more aligned with its thinking. The company also angered the British public by staging three raids on the family owned Young Brewery. Its 7.8% stake was utilized, as in other cases, to force management to either hear and or adopt some of its demands. These actions, while possibly in the interests of Guinnessà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ shareholders, has tarnished the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s reputation and thus tends to set management as we ll as shareholders on their heels when Guinness becomes involved. The Guinness Peat Offer In March of 2004 Guinness Peat made a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âpartial cash offer to acquire 28.5 million shares of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Guinness Peat, 2004) based upon the following reasons as contained in Guinnessà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ Offer document: The cash offer entailed 415 pence per share, which at the time of the offer represented a premium on the stock closing of 22 March 2004 at 408 pence of 1.7%. As a 35% shareholder Guinness indicated that it would seek to utilize a more progressive and dynamic strategy to result in a release of the substantial value it indicated is hidden in the current corporate structure. The company stated that it would seek to accomplish the preceding by selling off the De Vere Hotel Division to yield the highest potential for its value which Guinness believed was occurring at that point in time. That Guinness Peat would oversee the preceding developments through its management. Guinness indicated that in order for the Offer to be successful that: Over 50% of the De Vere shareholders with voting rights need to approve the Offer And that the indicated acceptances would entail a minimum of 28.5 million shares The Guinness Partial Cash Offer stated that in the De Vere 2003 Annual Report that the company set this divisionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s net asset value at around Ãâà £552 million. Guinness indicated that this figure included the liabilities of the De Vere Group headquarters which stood at Ãâà £26.2 million. Guinness indicated that this accounting methodology masked the asset value of the hotel group and represented an asset that could be sold off with the proceeds returned to shareholders. Guinness indicated in its Offer that the De Vere Hotel division was actually worth more as a private business in that the average price fetched by sale is 10.1 times the EV/EBITDA, as opposed to the market valuation of 8.7. The Offer also indicated that De Vere had under performed, in terms of share price appreciation, the hotel and leisure industry segment and that managementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s strategies were not yielding maximum return on fixed assets. De Vere did not respond to the pre ceding Offer thus prompting Guinness Peat to extend a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âFinal Partial Cash Offer to acquire 28.5 million shares of De Vere Group Plcà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã on 8 June 2004. (Guinness Peat, 2004) This à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âFinal Partial Offerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã stated that: (Guinness Peat, 2004) De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Board record of maximizing shareholder value has not been borne out by its record. The De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Board has not disclosed a proper valuation of the De Vere Hotel division free of outside debt. The De Vere Hotel division has been seriously undervalued in terms of share price and that the present Board has not implemented corrective actions to address this shortcoming. And finally, that the De Vere Board refuses to address maximizing value for shareholders. This à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âFinal Partial Offerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã recommended the following corrective measures as the plan to correct the foregoing: (Guinness Peat, 2004) Dispose of the De Vere Hotel division at a price in excess of Ãâà £550 million (before transaction costs), to avail the company (De Vere) of the present low interest rate which would help to structure such a sale, to return a substantial portion of the proceeds from such a sale (De Vere Hotel division), to the company shareholders, to ensure that in the future the De Vere Board utilizes a shareholder beneficial approach to operations. Throughout the Partial Cash Offerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s extended by Guinness Peat, the same issue was tackled, a sell off of the De Vere Hotels division which has been under reported as a result of the companys headquarters debt being assigned in that segment of the financial reports. Guinness stressed in its Final Partial Offer that it was not seeking control of De Vere, simply to release undervalued assets to the benefit of shareholders through clear fiscal reporting and advantages for sale that exist in the present market. Guinness increased its share price offer to 430 pence which represented a premium of 5.4% over the 22 March 2004 closing price of 408 pence. The Final Partial Cash Offer was also rejected by De Vere shareholders as just 0.55% replied to the affirmative. 2.3.4 Guinness Peat Offer Analysis GPGà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s (Guinness Peat) Partial Cash Offer was based on its interpretation of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial reports that indicated the De Vere Group h eadquarters debt of Ãâà £26.2 million is why the Divisionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s asset valuation for its hotels was only Ãâà £550 million. Guinness proposed shifting this debt thus freeing up the conditions for sale in a post recession market where the potential bidding for these premium properties would be driven to their true market value. The other assumptions utilized by Guinness Peat in proceeding with such an offer entailed their analysis that competitor firms would be eager to both rid themselves of De Vere in their competitive sector, but also strengthen their own positions through the acquisition of premium performing properties. Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Partial Cash Offer did not address the manner in which the Ãâà £26.2 million in headquarters debt will be structured, as well as the fact that this debt would represent a burden on the remaining performing divisions as the percentage of debt to revenues would increase dramatically. Said change in the debt to earnings ratios would drive De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s stock downwards under the reduced divisional format and further limit the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s ability to fund acquisitions for existing divisions or new opportunities. The Guinness Partial Cash Offer also failed to address that the sell off of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s flagship brand name would erode the prestige of its remaining brands thus resulting in a further deterioration of their brand image and how this would impact upon the remaining divisionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s ability to compete in a market which the company itself would have made stronger via a sale to key competitors. The Guinness Peat Partial Cash Offer also contained some striking advantages for GPG in that it would be able to gain control over this segment of De Vereà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s assets and the dispensing of the sale proceeds thus regaining its Offer price plus profit in a relatively short span of time. The preceding, when coupled with the neg ative publicity that Guinness received in the British press for its handling of the Inchcape automotive dealership, Deutsche Borse merger with the London Stock Exchange, Coast Viyella boardroom blood bath and the three attacks on Young Brewery, created a climate of distrust on the ultimate motives of GPG. Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s actions of 2004 could be gleaned from earlier resolutions to the De Vere Board in 11 January of 2001 when the company held its 10 percent stake. The following resolution was submitted to De Vere by Blake Nixon, the United Kingdom Executive Director for Guinness Peat. It proposed the following to be addressed at the upcoming annual meeting: (GPG, 2001) The return of up to Ãâà £50 million to shareholders via an off market tender offer for a total of up to 15% of the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s issued capital at a price limit of Ãâà £3.00 a share, To spin off Village Leisure and Greens as a separate public company, Nixon stated that the Board of De Vere had not done enough to maximize share value. Ultimately, Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Partial Cash Offer did not impress De Vere shareholders in terms of its proposition or its share price offer. Further, the preceding broad operating and financial considerations were not addressed and presented a concern to those investors who had or would not have recovered their initial share price investments from the sale distribution plan offered by Guinness Peat. As indicated, the remaining entity would be a substantially reduced company and the debt to earnings ratio would further dilute the market share price. This end result would have provided De Vere shareholders with an immediate cash compensation, but left them with a weakened company in a strengthening market. Guinness Peatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Partial Cash Offer did not specify the distribution terms and leaves one to think that based upon past history that GPG would recoup all of its initial investment in De Vere as well as reap the proportionate share of cash from the De Vere Hotel division sale for a handsome profit. The short-term benefit of this proposal did not appeal to the majority of De Vere shareholders for these as well as other reasons. Chapter 3 à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Literature Review Stakeholders Rahman and Jorg (2003) state that the à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦importance of the relationshipsà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦companies have with stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã go beyond the historical understanding of this term. They bring into the stakeholder / company relationship the viewpoint that it is more than monetary, it also entails trust and a commitment to objectives that best serve the interest of the company and therefore its stakeholders as well. The word itself, stakeholder, was first utilized by Marion Doscher (Stewart et al, 1963) as described in a report to business subscribers. Since that time, the concept of a companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s stakeholders has evolved and become defined to mean those individuals and groups which the company has à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦unfair non-contractual effects.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Kelly et al,1997) British Prime Minister Tony Blair said that à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âWe need to build a relationship of trust not just within a firm but within societyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Blair, 1996). Todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s understanding of stakeholders focuses on the relationship that companies have with this group. Rather than viewed as individuals and or groups to be managed, todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s corporate thinking see them as a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦network-based, relational and process-oriented view of company / stakeholder engagementà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Rahman et al, 2003) Rahman and Jorg (2003) further expand upon the preceding by stating that the modern day relationship between the company and its stakeholders, is based upon à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ mutuality, interdependence and power.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Rahman et al, 2003) The competitive nature of todayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s business environment has created a climate whereby corporations operate in multiple countries, thus making their actions, performance and behaviors visible to broad groups of individuals and institutions. Will iamson (1993) indicated that trust in business is actually a matter of calculation, based upon self-interest as well as consideration for others, as well as oneà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s own reputation. Rahman et al (2003) bring up the point that operating a company in the interest of stakeholders can be inviting trouble as differing groups compete for control and thus there would not be a clear indication of which group has priority. In the instance of the Guinness Peat à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Partial Cash Offerà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢, Sternberg (1994) argues that operating a company in this manner à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦provides no guidanceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦as to how competing interests are to be ranked or reconciledà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Sternberg, 1994) And while the word à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"stakeholdersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ refers to anyone that has a stake in the well being of a company, in the context of the Guinness Peat Offer for De Vere, what one is really referring to are shareholders, a s stakeholders do not identify those who actually put up funds for their à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"stakeà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ in the companyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s operations (Dunlap, 1996). Thus, in the context of this paper, stakeholders is a term that reminds business managers to be mindful of those groups and individuals who have a financial stake in the corporation. The preceding also means that those suppliers, employees and non-financial stakeholders also need to be considered in the context of business decisions and how these groups and individual will be affected by business decisions as well. (Rahman et al, 2003) Corporate Governance Shleifer and Vishny (1997) provide some clarity concerning what is corporate governance as they define it as à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investmentà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Shleifer et al, 1997). Rahman and Jorg (2003) state that corporate governance concerns itself with holding a balance between social and economic goals as well as between communal and individual goals. The framework (corporate governance) encourages the efficient use of resources and also requires the managing of these resources. Bavly (1999) furthers the preceding by stating that à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âJust as every social structure has its own accountability system, in the classic market economy a company is held responsible in the marketplace.à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã (Bavly, 1999) He goes on to add that one of the obligations of corporate governance is providing information to enable the shareholders of a company to un derstand how the capital they have invested is and has been put to use, as well as the financial standing of the company in terms of these resources. Carriere et al, (2002) poi jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-37650535794880480112020-05-06T18:49:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:49:26.508-07:00Analysis Of The Leopard - 944 Words In novels, the particular way in which information is disseminated dictates the delineation of plot and the readerââ¬â¢s perception of action. For example, Albert Camusââ¬â¢ The Outsider often reads as a newspaper article, as the terse and objective style is detached and journalistic. In contrast, the narratorââ¬â¢s voice in Franz Kakfaââ¬â¢s The Trial is witty and more personal. Furthermore, in Giuseppe di Lampedusaââ¬â¢s The Leopard, the style is elaborate and romantic, which aggrandizes and animates certain actions and objects. However, the styles of these novels also dictate what is expressed altogether. In The Trial, K.ââ¬â¢s incessant need to ask questions without answering them overlooks information and forsakes clarity. Likewise, the unemotional and limited language in The Outsider omits Meursaultââ¬â¢s thoughts and emotions. In contrast, The Leopardââ¬â¢s grandiose and convoluted style overwhelms the reader with information and minute details. While t he novels are diverse in their use of language, all three styles nonetheless dictate what is presented, rather than how it is presented, and challenge the reader to discern fact or meaning from either the absence or excess of information. In The Trial, the way in which K. constantly questions himself and other characters particularly creates a language of omission. Franz and Willemââ¬â¢s arrival at the beginning of the novel catalyzes the novelââ¬â¢s questioning nature, as they force K. to ask, ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËWho are you?ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Kafka 4). K.ââ¬â¢s initial question thenShow MoreRelatedAmur Leopard2720 Words à |à 11 Pagesanimals of the world today, the Amur leopard is facing the likelihood of extinction. Their threat is not by means of natural selection or a changing world but by man who has deliberately or unknowingly depleted their habitat and community. Only mans intervention and realization of the problem can hope to save these animals (Garman 1996). 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Harryââ¬â¢s situation makes him irritable, and he speaks about his own death in a matter-of-fact way that upsets his wife, predictingRead MoreEssay on Patton- Fuller Community Hospital Networking Project1796 Words à |à 8 Pages In weekââ¬â¢s three individual dissection of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Networking Department, I will discuss three topics that will help with a better understanding of the Hospitalââ¬â¢s Networking Department. During the first topic, a complete analysis will be completed on the network systems in use. While covering the second topic, discussion on what standards may be missing from the Hospitalââ¬â¢s current network. During last topic, I will identify the Hospitalââ¬â¢s wireless technology in currentlyRead MoreCultural Encounters : Cultural Encounter, Anthropology And Art1007 Words à |à 5 Pagessymbolic objects of arts such as, statues, masks and bronze plaques as essential part of the human cultural identity. {1}Ethnography is a method of Anthropology which is ââ¬Å"a branch of natural sciences concerned with the study of mankind through a close analysis of human society and through comparison between cultures over timeâ⬠. cultural encounters can take t he shape of clashes or at least opposition between groups in one society, but it have often taken the form of war or conquest and submission as theRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry Essay596 Words à |à 3 Pages (A Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry) The great philosopher Plato once orated: ââ¬Å"Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. 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The Queen of England jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-4432176623313231422020-05-06T14:20:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:20:14.718-07:00Survey Question and Respondents Free Essays I decided to do my survey on Pizza and peopleââ¬â¢s views about the food. I asked my respondents 3 fairly simple questions about how they viewed Pizza. The first question I asked was a simple Yes/No question asking them whether like they like Pizza or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Survey: Question and Respondents or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondly, I asked them what they favorite kind of pizza was (i. e. Pepperoni, Hawaiian, etc. ). Lastly, I asked my respondents to rate Pizza on a scale from 1 to 10 (1 being least favorite food, 10 being their favorite food). The results I found were quite interesting. I published my survey on Fluidsurveys. com and you can see it here if youââ¬â¢d like http://fluidsurveys. om/surveys/gary-8S/pizza/. I selected my respondents through my Twitter account, in which I tweeted asking my followers to take my survey, as well as direct messaging them with the link to my survey. With that being said, my survey would be random if everyone living in the US was following me on twitter, instead I got 28 responses from my 270 followers. So I wouldnââ¬â¢t say my survey was random unless the population was strictly the people who follow me on Twitter, and even then they choose to take it so it must have interested them just like the internet polls. As we begin to look at the results this survey has produced we see that of the respondents, 17 of them said that Pizza was a 6 or higher on their respective rating scale. The survey produced an average of about 5. 74, meaning Pizza is slightly above an average food as there isnââ¬â¢t any significant data suggesting that itââ¬â¢s really good or really bad according to the survey. Since a 5 on any scale from 1-10 would be an ââ¬Å"averageâ⬠food as itââ¬â¢s in the middle and not extremely good or bad. They were a few outliars as a few people put that it was a 2-3, and a few others put that it was a 9 even had one person put a 10. Now my comment/essay answers were far from essays as no answer I received was more than 5 words long. With that being said my results could easily be broken down into 3 separate categories of people. One of which is the people who are the ââ¬Å"meat loversâ⬠, these people said that their favorite kind of pizza was one that had (at least) one of the following meats on it: Pepperoni, Sausage, Ham, or Bacon. These people tended to rate pizza higher on the scale as there wasnââ¬â¢t a rating below 6 from this Sub-sample. Next we had the group of the original Cheese pizza people, these respondents werenââ¬â¢t so friendly in their ratings as to the ratings went as low as a 2 and up to a 7. This group had the most variety of the 3, and the biggest range going from 2 to 7. Lastly we have the exotic group, which has the least number of respondents of the three. This group includes anyone who chose a pizza that wasnââ¬â¢t one included in the meat lovers, or cheese group. Pizzas in this group consisted of: Hawaiian, Buffalo Chicken, Barbeque Chicken, Veggie Lover, etc. Although this sub sample size was smaller than the other two it brought the average of the whole sample up significantly with its average being a 7. 38. * Population- Everyone in the USA * Sample- 28 of my twitter followers * Statistic- 23/28 (82. 143%) people said yes, they do like pizza. * MOE= +/- 12% * Parameter- Actual % or # of people who like pizza. So upon further sampling we expect approximately 80% of our intervals to contain the true parameter. Iââ¬â¢m not saying that Iââ¬â¢m 80% sure that the parameter lies within 70-94% in any way, instead Iââ¬â¢m saying if we continued sampling long enough that eventually 80% of our intervals would in fact contain the true parameter. Now if I were to increase the confidence level up to 95% my MOE would increase up to 19% making my new interval 63-100% so thereââ¬â¢s more room for error and we can be more confident that if we continued sampling, the parameter is far more likely to lie within our intervals. How to cite Survey: Question and Respondents, Papers jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-20453925642003603532020-05-06T00:04:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:04:10.126-07:00Euopean Art In The Wake Of World War 1 Essay Example For Students Euopean Art In The Wake Of World War 1 Essay The New Objectivity, or Die Neue Sachlichkeit, was an Expressionist movement founded in Germany in the aftermath of World War I. The chief painters of the movement were George Grosz and Otto Dix, who were sometimes called verists. They created style of bitter realism and protest the disillusionment following the war. New Objectivity retained the intense emotionality of earlier movements in German art. Max Beckmann produced works in related, though more vein. Also the impact of the war influenced Kathe Kollwitz. George Grosz studied art in Dresden and Berlin where he began contributing cartoon to German journals. On the outbreak of the First World War Grosz was conscripted in the German Army. In 1917, Grosz joined with John Heartfield in protesting about the German wartime propaganda campaign against the allies. This included anti-war drawing such as Fit for Active Service (1918). This particular related to Groszs personal experience where he was on the verge of a nervous break-down in 1917. He was sent to a sanatorium where doctors examined him and declared him fit for service. In this biting and sarcastic drawing, an army doctor proclaims the skeleton before him fit for service. The glasses perched on the skeletons face very similar to the gold-rimmed glasses Grosz wore, suggest he based this scene on his experience. In Groszs line drawing he sarcastically portrays the German War. Otto Dix, who was closely associated with Neue Sachlihkeit, embraced war imagery. Having served both a machine gunner and an aerial observer, he was well acquainted with war effects. He later began dealing with other social messages, depicting beggars, prostitutes and veterans in his paintings. Outraged by the Weimar Republic and the Nazis, Dix began to criticize their politics in his work, and was therefore deemed as a degenerate and forced to resign from his teaching position. On an interview, Otto Dix explained: As a young man you dont notice at all that you were, after all, body affected. For years afterwards, at least ten years, I kept getting these dreams, in which I had to crawl through ruined houses along passages I could get through. Not that painting would have been a release. The reason for doing it is the desire to create. Ive got to do it! Ive seen that, I can still remember it, Ive got to paint it. In Otto painting Der Krieg (The War) captured the devastation that war inflicts, both on the terrain and on humans. In the left panel, armed and uniformed soldiers march off into the distance. Dix graphically displays the horrific results in the center and right panels, where mangled bodies, are scattered throughout the apocalyptic landscape. It was to emphasize the personal nature of this scene. The artist painted himself into the right panel as the ghostly but determined soldier who drags a comrade to safety. In the bottom panel, in a coffin like bunker, lie soldier asleep? or perhaps dead. Dix significantly presents this sequence of images in a triptych format. Dix, like his fellow Neue Scahlichkeit artist, felt compelled to lay the realities of his time, which the wars violence dominated. Max Beckmann work also emphasized the horrors of war and a society he saw descending into madness. Between 1905 and 1950 he created more than eight hundred painting and produced hundreds of prints and drawings. Night, was a painting that showed a disturbing view of society. It depicts a cramped room three intruders have forcefully invaded. A bound woman apparently raped, is splayed across the foreground of the painting. Her husband appears to be hanged by an intruder while another one twists his left arm out of its socket. An undefined woman cowers in the background. And the third intruder prepares to flee with the child. Although the image does not depict a war scene, the wrenching brutality and violence comment on societys condition. Beckmann also injected a personal reference by using himself, his wife, and son. Kathe Kollwitz grandson, Peter, died on the Western Front. .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .postImageUrl , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:hover , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:visited , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:active { border:0!important; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:active , .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37 .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud90bdea79890a28edb1072cb6b999f37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World War I: The Overthrow of the Romantic EssayOver the next few years Kollwitz produced a series of a drawing illustrating the impact that war had on women. One of which was called Woman with Dead Child. It was a statement of maternal loss and grief. The grace that pervaded the conventional Christian depiction of the Madonna holding the dead Christ has been replaced with an animalistic passion, as the mother ferociously grips the body of her dead child. The impact of this image is undeniably powerful. That Kollwitz used her son Peter as the model for the dead child no doubt made the image all the more personal to her. In1920 she helped form International Workers Aid. Soon later she joined with other socialists in signing an appeal of unity against the Nazi Party. After Adolf Hitler gained power, Kollwitz was forced resign from Prussian Academy of Arts because of her beliefs and her art. She is still known today for her imagery of working poor, the suffering and the sick. The way she images sickly women who are barely able to care for or nourish their children. Her work served as an indictment of the social conditions in Germany during the late 19th and early 20th century. New Objectivity executed their works in a realistic style. These works, which reflected the resignation and cynicism of the post? -World War I period in Germany. George Grosz, Max Beckmann, and Otto Dix are all artist that served in the Germany army. Their military experiences deeply influenced their world views and informed in art. The artists purpose was to display there emotional characteristics expression. In architecture as in painting and literature, New Objectivity describes German work of the transitional years of the early 1920s in the Weimar culture. The end of New Objectivity came at the end of the Weimar Republic as the National Socialists under Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-73300423389378289072020-05-05T15:10:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:10:13.143-07:00A Possibility of Evil Character Sketch â⬠Adela Strangeworth Essay Sample free essay sample She is portrayed as an old lady who has excessively much pride and wants to be in the know of every bantam piece of chitchat in town. In the beginning of the narrative. it gives the readers the feeling that she was a sweet old lady who takes much pride in her rose shrub and enjoys the town dish the dirt excessively much. Ms. Strangeworth comes off as prideful. intrusive and blunt. Ms. Strangeworth was portrayed as disdainful throughout the narrative when she took so much pride in her rose shrub which had been passed down to her by her household. She explained to everyone. including tourers who merely pass through the town about how she inherited this magnificent rose shrub and the first house of all time built on Pleasant Street by her gramps. She believed that she deserved much grasp. award and gratitude from the people of the little town because of her gramps. We will write a custom essay sample on A Possibility of Evil Character Sketch ââ¬â Adela Strangeworth Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her when the town decided to set up a statue of Ethan Allen alternatively of her gramps. she was defeated and muttered ââ¬Å" but it should hold been a statue of my gramps. There wouldnââ¬â¢t be a town here at all if it hadnââ¬â¢t been for my gramps and the timber factory. â⬠This shows the readers that she believed that the town was herââ¬â¢s and no 1 elseââ¬â¢s. In the text. it claims that Ms. Strangeworth would non give out or portion her flowers with anyone else because she believed that the roses belonged within her family. ââ¬Å" . . it bothered Ms. Strangeworth to believe of people desiring to transport them off. to take them into unusual towns. and down unusual streets. â⬠Even when people requested for her beautiful roses for the townââ¬â¢s church. she would decline. ââ¬Å"When the new curate came. and the ladies were garnering flowers to adorn the church. Miss Strangeworth sent over a great basket of gladiola. â⬠This tells us that she is really protective of her roses and would non even save a basket. â⬠jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-27445697462256637672020-04-19T19:14:00.001-07:002020-04-19T19:14:03.016-07:00Peaceful vs. Violent Nation Building in Africa Essay Sample free essay sample What is state constructing? Largely the construct refers to the procedure that is followed in reconstituting a state that is non working decently as it is expected. A good illustration is of a state that is seeking to better its economic system that has collapsed. The term is besides be used to intend building a state utilizing the powers conferred to it by the topic so that it could be politically stable and feasible. There are assorted methods that are used in state edifice. Some authoritiess use propagandas while others build substructure to convey societal integrating and harmoniousness every bit good as economic growing. The term largely fits to the African states that are seeking to determine their districts freshly after colonialists divided them without sing cultural and other divisions in those parts. State edifice can be either peaceable or violent. The chief focal point of this paper will be to compare and contrast the two classs. We will write a custom essay sample on Peaceful vs. Violent Nation Building in Africa Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In normal events. every province should be able to supply for its people and should be able to protect the rights of its citizens. One chief job that authorities face is the challenge of maintaining a stable authorities face is the challenge of maintaining a stable authorities that is capable of run intoing basic criterions of its citizens. The failure of the authorities to supply and protect its citizens is what broods force. Multi cultural society is one of the factors that contribute to the violent peace doing procedure. There are assorted methods that can be used in peaceable state edifice for illustration. the party system and subscribing common understandings with differing parties. One scheme for advancing peaceable state edifice is by instilling the civilization of peace in school. By this manner. the future coevalss will acquire this civilization from their predecessors. The construct of state edifice as I mentioned earlier was used in decolonisation plans but later it shifted to other facets of life. It procedure has been and is still an on-going procedure. Violence in state edifice is unsafe ( Hippler J. 2005 ; 27-43 ) It was used in states like Rwanda. Sudan Somali and other African provinces like in the instance of Rwanda where in a command to take control in state constructing a battle erupted between Tutsi and Hutus. A batch of people were killed particularly from the minority Tutsi in 1994 under what is now referred as the Rwandan race murder. This struggle besides created the job of refugees. Many people who were get awaying from Rwanda went to the adjacent states as refugees. Many of them died of cholera. dysentery and other diseases. Another disadvantage of violent state edifice is that human rights are abused. For illustration. in Sudan and Rwanda many people lost their lives. adult females were raped while others were held captives of war. Even kids were conscripted in the ground forces. Violent state edifice has besides been witnessed in Darfur part in Western Sudan. The crisis is between two cultural folks where one group comprises of Baggagra who are Arabs while the other one is comprised of Zaghawa. Massaleit and Fur who are land tillers unlike Baggara who are camel keepers. This struggle has been caused by deficit of resources. Baggara folk started it in 2003 while in hunt of H2O in the South confronted the non-Arab communities. The struggle has led to about 450. 000 deceases. Many diseases have occurred in the part. A batch of people have been displaced and are now refugees either at place or in the adjacent states. This violent state edifice scheme has led to the break of economic societal instruction every bit good as economic establishments. This is because spiritual establishments that help in incorporating people can non even conduct their concerns and trade freely as they used before the crisis erupted. It should be known that states develop because of the peaceable environment that they enjoy at place. This why states like Rwanda. Uganda and Sudan are among the poorest states in the universe If you have watched the last male monarch of Scotland movie that was released in 2006 so. you can truly see the demerits of utilizing force as a scheme of state edifice. The movie is about the rise and autumn of Idi Amin as president in 1971 and his autumn in 1979. A violent scheme in hunt of peace promotes terrorist act. smuggling of goods and other illegal concerns are conducted. This happened in Uganda when Amin was in a command to beef up his place ( Hansen H. B. and Twaddle M. ( Eds ) 1994 ; 78-85 ) He smuggled goods across the boundary line and sold illegal pieces to Rebels in southern part of Sudan. President Obote ordered for his house apprehension but this thought failed to happen. Eventually Amin staged a putsch when Obote went to Singapore in 1971 to go to a commonwealth meeting. Harmonizing to the international human rights groups. about 100 1000s to three 1000 people were killed. Most of these were from Lango. Acholi and other cultural communities. Amin forced Asians out of the state. which he proudly described as ââ¬Ëblack manââ¬â¢s state. ââ¬â¢ Though many Ugandans approved the move. their going had serious impact on sugar and fabric industries that closed down. Besides educational topographic points that were run by Asians were closed. By 1970s Uganda was in an economical muss and even now it is still seeking to retrieve from the depredations it inherited from the regulation of Idi Amin Dada. On the other manus. peaceable state edifice has its virtues. It is more recommended than violent one. It happened in Senegal after it become independent in 1960. Senghor who was the president took control over Senegal. He made confederations with the local leaders from assorted folks. In this manner. he was able to put a phase for his state to develop through his gradual reforms scheme. Africans in Senegal were unified by their strong desire to be independent and were determined to reconstitute their bedraggled state shortly after the Gallic authorities moved out. From the independency period. leaders have been seeking to advance national trueness. They used the scheme of ââ¬Ëethnic arithmeticââ¬â¢ in interpreting regional truenesss into national truenesss. This scheme saved people from casting unneeded blood after they got their independency ( Desmond J. Clark and Roland 1975 ; 123 ) In Tanzania. state edifice thrived good without ensuing to an armed struggle. This can be attributed to the policies of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. A close expression at the Tanzanian instance. one can clearly see that any state can develop irrespective of its different cultural backgrounds with assorted linguistic communications. In Tanzania. media and educational systems were employed to instill in people the desire to unify for national development as opposed to regional or cultural prevarications. Through Nyerereââ¬â¢s administrative accomplishments. Tanzania had peaceable national development schemes and has neer witnessed any violent mutiny except a little mutiny that broke out in his ground forces but was suppressed immediately with the aid of British military personnels. Many African leaders did non O.K. this thought and referred to it as neo colonialism ( Zell Hans M. ( Ed ) 2006 ; 631 ) As we have noted. states traveling from pandemonium to order takes clip to accomplish their dream but if they once more embark on armed struggle. the state edifice procedure goes back to square one. In a nutshell. state edifice means seting all establishments whether economic. political. judicial. societal or medical in a incorporate whole. It is this interrelation that creates a fertile land for national development. This is what has made states like Senegal and Tanzania to develop while Sudan and Rwanda are economically dawdling behind. Mention: Hippler J.State Building: A Key Concept for Peaceful Transformation.Pluto Press. 2005 ; 27-43 Desmond J. Clark and Roland 1975.The Cambridge History of Africa.Cambridge University Press. 1975 ; 123. Hansen H. B. and Twaddle M. ( Eds )From Chaos to Order: The Politicss of Fundamental lawMaking in Uganda.London: James Currey. 1994 ; 78-85 Zell Hans M. ( Ed ) .The African Studies Companion: A Guide to Information Beginnings. 4ThursdayEdition. United Kingdom. 2006 ; 631 jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-81201048002216149252020-04-02T13:11:00.001-07:002020-04-02T13:11:02.410-07:00Ohm and Ohmââ¬â¢s Law Essay Sample free essay sample Ohmââ¬â¢s jurisprudence is a jurisprudence of natural philosophies. It states that in an electrical music director the ratio of possible difference ( electromotive force ) to current is changeless. For illustration. if the terminuss of an electric battery are connected to an electric lamp and the electromotive force end product of the battery is so decreased by 20 per centum. the sum of current fluxing through the lamp will besides be reduced by 20 per centum. Ohmââ¬â¢s jurisprudence was derived by experimentation by German physicist Georg Simon Ohm in 1826. It is expressed by the undermentioned equation: V=I x R In this equation V represents the possible difference between one terminal of the music director and the other ( that is. the electromotive force applied to the music director ) ; and R is called theoppositionof the music director. IfVoltis given in Vs andIis given in amperes.Roentgenwill be in ohms ( Crandall. 2004 ) . The jurisprudence offers a simple method of ciphering the electromotive force. We will write a custom essay sample on Ohm and Ohmââ¬â¢s Law Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page current. or opposition in a music director when two of these three measures are known. For illustration. if the direct-current electromotive force applied to an electric visible radiation bulb is 120 Vs and the fibril in the bulb has a opposition of 240 ohms. the current flowing through the fibril is I =Volt=120 Vs= 0. 5 ampere R 240 ohms Ohmââ¬â¢s Law is valid for metallic music directors ( for illustration. Cu and wolfram ) in is comparatively low. High currents will heat a metallic music director and do its opposition to alter. so that the ratio of electromotive force to current in the music director will besides alter. Ohmââ¬â¢s Law holds for a complete direct-current circuit every bit good as for any portion of the circuit. provided thatIis the entire current flowing between the points across which the electromotive force.Volt. is measured ( Leroy. 2003 ) . In alternating-current circuits. Ohmââ¬â¢s Law seldom is valid because the current flow is affected non merely by opposition but besides by factors known asinductionandelectrical capacity. Furthermore. the equation called Ohmââ¬â¢s jurisprudence is non one of the cardinal rules of natural philosophies. as are Newtonââ¬â¢s Torahs of gesture and the conservation-of-energy rule. Yet Ohmââ¬â¢s jurisprudence has been considered of import plenty to be included in the natural philosophies course of study of pupils for more than one hundred old ages. When Ohm presented his thought. it was received with contempts. Ohm. at the age of 38. has served for 10 old ages as a poorly paid mathematics and scientific discipline instructor at the Jesuit College of Cologne. To measure up for a university place. he was required to bring forth some sort of scientific chef-doeuvre. the value of which would convey acknowledgment and university occupation offers. After many old ages of experimenting with electricity. during which clip he published legion short documents. Ohm produced a 250-page manuscript entitledMathematical Measurements of Electrical Current( Silver. 1998 ) . The paper was ignored by most of Ohmââ¬â¢s German co-workers. One critic who did non disregard it said. ââ¬Å"A physicist who professed such unorthodoxies was unworthy to learn scientific discipline. â⬠Ohm. unluckily. had presented his work at a clip and topographic point where experiment was disdained as a agency of geting cognition. He did non have a university place and even had to vacate from the Jesuit College. After six blue old ages. King Ludwig I of Bavaria helped Ohm obtain a chair at the Polytechnic School of Nuremberg. Ohm finally received acknowledgment for his work. In 1841. he was awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society of London. and in 1842 he was honoured as the Societyââ¬â¢s most distinguished foreign member. Furthermore. Ohmââ¬â¢s jurisprudence provides a nice working definition for mensurating the opposition of an ohmic device. The definition does non. nevertheless. give us a good sense of what causes some objects to hold higher oppositions than others. An objectââ¬â¢s opposition depends on belongingss of the object including among other things its dimensions and the type of stuff of which it is made ( Everdell. 1998 ) . For illustration. scientists have determined that the electrical opposition of cylindrical objects is straight relative to their lengthLiterand reciprocally relative to their cross-sectional countryA: Roentgen=PLiter A The proportionally changelessP( rho ) is called the objectââ¬â¢sresistively; it depends on the type of stuff of which it is made and on its temperature. The equation above seems sensible. The longer an object is. the more hard it is for charge to traverse it ( like H2O that must go a long distance along a incline that has really little disposition ) . Besides. opposition additions as an objectââ¬â¢s cross-sectional country lessenings because few electric charges are available to go through the little cross subdivision. The electric resistancePof a stuff depends in intrinsic belongingss of that type of stuff. such as the figure of negatrons per unit volume that are able to travel and the hinderance these negatrons experience as they travel through the stuff. Copper has low electric resistance because of its big concentration of free negatrons and the comparative deficiency of hinderance experienced by the negatrons while traveling through the Cu. On the other manus. the electric resistance of glass is about 1020times greater than that of Cu because it contains so few free negatrons ( Hook. 2002 ) . Copper is an illustration of a stuff called an electrical music director ( low electric resistance ) whereas glass is an illustration of an electricaldielectric( high electric resistance that prohibits the flow of electricity ) . The conductionOof a substance is the opposite of its electric resistance (O= 1/p) . Therefore. a stuff with low electric resistance has high conduction and is a good music direct or of electricity. and frailty versa. Mention: jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-75880254041207301942020-03-15T05:45:00.001-07:002020-03-15T05:45:02.871-07:00Biography of Lewis Chesty Puller, U.S. MarineBiography of Lewis 'Chesty' Puller, U.S. Marine Lewis B. Chesty Puller (June 26, 1898ââ¬âOctober 11, 1971) was a U.S. Marine who saw battle experience in World War II and in the Korean War conflict. He was one of the most decorated Marines in U.S. history. Fast Facts: Lewis B. 'Chesty' Puller Known For: One of the most decorated U.S. Marines in history, serving in World War II and KoreaBorn:à June 26, 1898 in West Point, VirginiaParents: Martha Richardson Leigh and Matthew M. PullerDied: October 11, 1971 at the Portsmouth Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, VirginiaEducation: Virginia Military Institute (1917ââ¬â1918)Spouse: Virginia Montague Evans (m. November 13, 1937)Children: Virginia McCandlish (b. 1938), twins Martha Leigh and Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. (b. 1944) Early Life Lewis B. Chesty Puller was born June 26, 1898, at West Point, Virginia, the third of four children born to Matthew M. Puller and Martha Richardson Leigh (known as Pattie). Matthew Puller was a wholesale grocer, and Lewis had two older sisters and a younger brother. In 1908, Matthew died, and in the familys reduced circumstances, Lewis Puller was forced to aid in supporting his family at the age of 10. He continued on at school, but he hawked crabs at the local waterfront amusement park and then worked as a laborer in a pulp mill. Interested in military matters from a young age, he attempted to join the U.S. Army in 1916 to take part in the Punitive Expedition to capture Mexican leader Pancho Villa. Underage at the time, Puller was blocked by his mother who refused to consent to his enlistment. When war was declared with Germany at the start of World War I, Puller was 17 and he accepted an appointment to Virginia Military Institute as a state cadet, receiving financial assistance in return for later service. A mediocre student, he spent the summer at a Reserve Officer Training Corps camp in New York. Joining the Marines With the U.S. entry into World War I in April 1917, Puller quickly became restless and tired of his studies. Inspired by the U.S. Marines performance at Belleau Wood, he departed VMI and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps. Completing basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina, Puller received an appointment to officer candidate school. Passing through the course at Quantico, Virginia, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on June 16, 1919. His time as an officer proved brief, as a postwar reduction in the USMC saw him moved to the inactive list 10 days later. Haiti Not willing to forego his military career, Puller rejoined the Marines on June 30 as an enlisted man with the rank of corporal. Assigned to Haiti, he served in the Gendarmerie dHaiti as a lieutenant and aided in combating Cacos rebels. Formed under a treaty between the U.S. and Haiti, the gendarmerie possessed American officers, largely Marines, and Haitian enlisted personnel. While in Haiti, Puller worked to regain his commission and served as adjutant to Major Alexander Vandegrift. Returning to the U.S. in March 1924, he was successful in obtaining a commission as a second lieutenant. Navy Crosses Over the next four years, Puller moved through a variety of barracks assignments that took him from the East Coast to Pearl Harbor. In December 1928, he received orders to join a detachment of the Nicaraguan National Guard. Arriving in Central America, Puller spent the next two years battling bandits. For his efforts in mid-1930, he was awarded the Navy Cross. Returning home in 1931, he completed the Company Officers Course before again sailing for Nicaragua. Remaining until October 1932, Puller won a second Navy Cross for his performance against the insurgents. Overseas Afloat In early 1933, Puller sailed to join the Marine Detachment at the American Legation in Beijing, China. While there, he led the famed Horse Marines before departing to oversee the detachment aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. While aboard, he came to know the cruisers skipper, Captain Chester W. Nimitz. In 1936, Puller was made an instructor at the Basic School in Philadelphia. After three years in the classroom, he returned to Augusta. This homecoming proved short as he went ashore in 1940 for service with the 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines at Shanghai. On November 13, 1937, he married Virginia Montague Evans, who he had met a decade before. Together they had three children: Virginia McCandlish Puller (born in 1938), and twins Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. and Martha Leigh Puller, born in 1944. World War II In August 1941, Puller, now a major, departed China to take command of the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at Camp Lejeune. He was in this role when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entered World War II. In the months that followed, Puller prepared his men for war and the battalion sailed to defend Samoa. Arriving in May 1942, his command remained in the islands through the summer until being ordered to join Vandegrifts 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Coming ashore in September, his men quickly went into action along the Matanikau River. Coming under intense attack, Puller won a Bronze Star when he signaled USS Monssen to aid in rescuing trapped American forces. In late October, Pullers battalion played a key role during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Holding back massive Japanese attacks, Puller won a third Navy Cross for his performance, while one his men, Staff Sergeant John Basilone, received the Medal of Honor. After the division left Guadalcanal, Puller was made the executive officer of the 7th Marine Regiment. In this role, he took part in the Battle of Cape Gloucester in late 1943 and early 1944. Leading From the Front During the opening weeks of the campaign, Puller won a fourth Navy Cross for his efforts in directing Marine units in attacks against the Japanese. On February 1, 1944, Puller was promoted to colonel and later took command of the 1st Marine Regiment. Finishing the campaign, Pullers men sailed for the Russell Islands in April before preparing for the Battle of Peleliu. Landing on the island in September, Puller fought to overcome a tenacious Japanese defense. For his work during the engagement, he received the Legion of Merit. The Korean War With the island secured, Puller returned to the U.S. in November to lead the Infantry Training Regiment at Camp Lejeune. He was in this role when the war ended in 1945. In the years after World War II, Puller oversaw a variety of commands including the 8th Reserve District and the Marine Barracks at Pearl Harbor. With the outbreak of the Korean War, Puller again took command of the 1st Marine Regiment. Preparing his men, he took part in General Douglas MacArthurs landings at Inchon in September 1950. For his efforts during the landings, Puller won the Silver Star and a second Legion of Merit. Taking part in the advance into North Korea, Puller played a key role in the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in November and December. Performing brilliantly against overwhelming numbers, Puller earned the Distinguished Service Cross from the U.S. Army and fifth Navy Cross for his role in the battle. Promoted to brigadier general in January 1951, he briefly served as assistant commander of the 1st Marine Division before temporarily taking command the following month after the transfer of Major General O.P. Smith. He remained in this role until returning to the United States in May. Later Career and Death Briefly leading the 3rd Marine Brigade at Camp Pendleton, Puller remained with the unit when it became the 3rd Marine Division in January 1952. Promoted to major general in September 1953, he was given command of the 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune the following July. Plagued by decaying health, Puller was forced to retire on November 1, 1955. One of the most decorated Marines in history, Puller won the nations second-highest decorations six times and received two Legions of Merit, a Silver Star, and a Bronze Star. Puller himself said he was uncertain how he came to be nicknamed Chesty. It may have been a reference to his big, thrust-out chest; chesty in the Marines also means cocky. Receiving a final promotion to lieutenant general, Puller retired to Virginia, where he died after a series of strokes on October 11, 1971. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-91627613260909622782020-03-08T04:43:00.001-07:002020-03-08T04:43:02.928-07:00The Talented Mr. Ripley essaysThe Talented Mr. Ripley essays Directors often base their films on novels; however, directors many times will alter the characters, plots, and settings of their films to appeal to an audience more than the novel. Changing the overall image of a character and accentuating different elements of a setting for a film will alter an audiences perspective of the character. This new opinion of the character in the film usually portrays the directors feelings toward a particular character, whether the feelings are positive or negative. The Talented Mr. Ripley is a wonderful example of changing a character and setting so they will come across to an audience in the same way the character appeals to the creator. A good scene for comparison is when Marge finds Dickies beloved rings among Tom Ripleys possessions. This scene shows how the drastic differences in Marges character changes the relationship of Tom and Marge in the novel and film and also changes the audiences perspective of Marge because of the different ways Pa tricia Highsmith and Anthony Minghella wrote her character. The setting of the ring scene is different in the novel and film. Marge confronts Tom with the dilemma of Dickie having taken off his rings in a large, open room in the novel; an open room for an open mind. This open room instills a feeling of receptiveness on the part of Marge. Tom has been sitting on a sofa that has just been described as fitted his shoulders like someones arm, or rather fitted it better than somebodys arm... The cozy sofa also makes the reader aware that Tom is very vulnerable at this point in the movie because he is relaxed and drowsy. Highsmith is able to change the cozy feeling quickly though because she then draws attention to Toms nervous actions when Marge informs Tom that she has found Dickies rings. Tom stands up quickly; he bumps into on of his shoes and picks it up; he holds the sho... jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-18750538601420778902020-02-27T20:09:00.001-08:002020-02-27T20:09:02.074-08:00Human behavior in social work practice Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsHuman behavior in social work practice - Article Example Providing moral support falls under the theory of systems perspective. Systems perspective insists that. Without a doubt, social work adopted functionalist sociology, a theory that states social elements stay consistent throughout time. From my perspective, it is important to rectify with these issues. Social issues plague individuals because they are the key source of problems with interpersonal communication. Most women are unable to read and challenge their analytical skills at a higher level. The lingering social norms that plague the existing in the system has undoubtedly have limited the potential of women to excel in this society. Hence, this theory must be utilized to disregard these notions. I agree with the approach of the social worker. I think it is crucial to harness the development of young female workers. Female and close knitting group obviously helps Manesha with loneliness. As social workers, it is cognizant to have this in mind to help these young women gains self-confidence back. Additionally, it empowers individuals to harness self-growth confidence in order for them to be successful. As a social worker, I find it imperative to implement social cognitive theory in this issue. One element that I disagree with is the fact that was to assimilation and co-ethnic communities. I think there should be balance of understanding the social needs of women struggling to immense themselves in this environment. There should be more emphasis undoubtedly on the methods to conquer this assimilation. One of the biggest challenges that women immigrants and minority business owners face is assimilation, in case of Manesha. Imagine coming to a country with different trends, customs, and not understanding how protocols work? This is one of the biggest challenges for women and business owners that are immigrants. Assimilation and penetrating a customer base really does create many barriers for new entrepreneurs. This jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-15034722746303854462020-02-20T19:07:00.001-08:002020-02-20T19:07:02.932-08:00Human Recourse Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsHuman Recourse Management - Essay Example The external environment of the company, the organisationââ¬â¢s monitoring system of the external environment and how these contribute to its success and occasional hiccups have also been looked into in this paper. To do this, this paper has used several analytical models. Particularly, this paper has used SWOT, PESTEL and the Porter Five forces model as analytical models to look into British Airways adjustment to the external environment. Finally, this paper has made several recommendations regarding how the chosen organisation can respond better to environmental forces. Analysing the External Environment of British Airways Introduction and Background British Airways is among the leading airlines in the global scene and the principle carrier in the United Kingdom. Statistics reveal that the company plays a key role in the worldwide economic landscape. In the financial year 2009/ 2010 it served approximately thirty two million customers and links over three hundred destinations (B ritish Airways Plc., 2010). Their financial statements are impressive since their revenue in the same financial year amounted to 8 billion dollars as stated by British Airways Plc. (2010). ... The present situation in the company is an interesting area of study since an analysis of how it deals with variations in the external environment affect business operations conclusions can be drawn and recommendations can be made. Companyââ¬â¢s Profile British Airways has been proficient player in the airline industry since its incorporation in 1924 according to British Airways Plc. (2010). The company engages its activities both at the local and global level. It provides several services including cargo freight, passenger flight services, and mail services among other auxiliary services. Its business is mainly spread across the United States and Europe and serves over five hundred destinations worldwide (British Airways Plc. 2010). The companyââ¬â¢s works towards expanding its customer base by offering world class services. There has been increasing competition in the airline business caused by the introduction of modern technology. British Airways has continuously updated it s policies to keep up with changes in the external environment and this is why the company has maintained leadership in business over the years. This business report involves a detailed analysis of the environment of British Airways by focusing on various issues. It will start by analysing the organisationââ¬â¢s external environment, by applying analytical models and ensuring an international focus. Secondly, it will give a critical review organisationââ¬â¢s monitoring system of the external environment. Finally, it will make recommendations detailing how the chosen organisation can respond better to environmental forces. The analytical models used in the report to evaluate the external jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-84418218040251463272020-02-11T12:55:00.001-08:002020-02-11T12:55:03.075-08:00Consumptive Tourism and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 wordsConsumptive Tourism and Sustainability - Essay Example This essay discusses that ecotourism is considered to be non-consumptive use of the environment. However, many researchers and people within the industry consider some forms of consumptive tourism to also be ecologically sound, and to aid in the protection of the environment. Wildlife tourism is becoming increasingly popular as society becomes more highly urbanised and less natural habitat is available, particularly for those from the western world. Tourists exhibit a growing desire to directly interact with the natural environment, particularly environment that is relatively untouched by humans. Wildlife is a relatively recent term, and has only been included in dictionaries since 1961. The exact use of the term depends on the context, and it is often used with strong emphasis on game animals. However, a more general definition considers wildlife to included non-domesticated vertebrates, and can also include some invertebrates and plants if they are considered to be important. Human s have shown an increasing interest in being near, and interacting with the natural environment, particularly wildlife. This has cumulated in a high interest in wildlife tourism. Wildlife tourism exists in both consumptive and non-consumptive forms. For example, non-consumptive wildlife tourism includes activities such as animal watching, habitat and nature-based tours. Consumptive forms of ecotourism include activities such as sport and trophy hunting, and actively remove animals from the environment. However, despite that fact that this form of tourism is often viewed as being detrimental to the environment, supporters argue that this is actually more beneficial for the environment than non-consumptive forms of tourism (Novelli et al., 2006). Moral standpoint One of the strong arguments against consumptive tourism is that animals should never be killed for personal pleasure or satisfaction. People in developed society tend to reject consumptive tourism as a potential means of sust ainability as the result of moral objections. The perception is that there should be no forms of wildlife use that involve killing. Because of this perception, animal rights organisations place strong pressure on the governments of developing countries to prevent all forms of tourism that involve killing (Novelli et al., 2006). Economic viability Consumptive tourism requires a large area of the environment to be successful. Wildlife viewing and other forms of non-consumptive tourism requires only a small geographical area to be effective, and consequently the return per unit of land is much higher than that of consumptive touris jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-83818870421120490212020-02-04T23:55:00.001-08:002020-02-04T23:55:03.053-08:00People Republic of China Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsPeople Republic of China Constitution - Essay Example But the Chinese people had yet to fulfill their historical task of overthrowing imperialism and feudalism. After waging hard, protracted and tortuous struggles, armed and otherwise, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately, in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism, won the great victory of the new-democratic revolution and founded the People's Republic of China. Thereupon the Chinese people took state power into their own hands and became masters of the country. After the founding of the People's Republic, the transition of Chinese society from a new- democratic to a socialist society was effected step by step. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production was completed, the system of exploitation of man by man eliminated and the socialist system established. The people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat, has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese People's Liberation Army have thwarted aggression, sabotage and armed provocations by imperialists and safeguarded China's national independence and security and strengthened its national defense. ... nternational economic relations in the service of Chinese development." (Potter, 2001) An independent and fairly comprehensive socialist system of industry has in the main been established. There has been a marked increase in agricultural production. Significant progress has been made in educational, scientific, cultural and other undertakings, and socialist ideological education has yielded noteworthy results. The living standards of the people have improved considerably. Both the victory of China's new-democratic revolution and the successes of its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and by upholding truth, correcting errors and overcoming numerous difficulties and hardships. The People's Republic of China is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants. The socialist system is the basic system of the People's Republic of China. Sabotage of the socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited. All power in the People's Republic of China belongs to the people. The organs through which the people exercise state power are the National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at different levels. The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law. The state organs of the People's Republic of China apply the principle of democratic centralism. The National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at different levels are instituted through democratic election. They are responsible to jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-43107957154827415482020-01-31T08:48:00.001-08:002020-01-31T08:48:04.427-08:00Employee perception on suggestion scheme Essay Example for Free Employee perception on suggestion scheme Essay Introduction:- Suggestion scheme is a formalized mechanism which encourages employees to contribute constructive ideas for improving the organisation in which they work. The overall aim is to gather, analyse and implement ideas in order to create results that have a positive impact on the business and/or deliver new value to customers. There are two approaches to the suggestion scheme * Traditional approach-which offers cash to their employees for the suggestions they provide. * Participative approach-continuous improvement in employee job profile through higher level of participation. SCREENING OF THE SUGGESTION Every suggestion is evaluated as per the criteria adaptability, creativity, originality and efforts, taken by the suggestor/employee. The amount of award is indicated with proper calculation and understanding of committee. If there is rejection then similar remark is indicated. Generally award is given when the suggestion is implemented. However if the suggestions are accepted and the course of implementation is longer, then interim award is given to the suggestor/employee to keep up his moral. In the same format other information regarding the implementing is indicated. A certificate is given to the suggestor/employee when the suggestion is accepted. This is signed by the chairman of the scheme or some top/ respectable person in the organization. In the good cultured company there is practice of giving a certificate of appreciation to the suggestor/employee even if it gets rejected. Often it carries good value to the suggestor/employee. It is more than money for some of them. Objective:- Primary objective:- * To understand employee suggestion scheme. Secondary objective:- * To analyse effective implementation of suggestions availed by employees. * To interpret initialisation in the part of management in processing the provided suggestions. * To measure employee-superior relationship and support. * To integrate creativity and constructive aptitude and attitude in non-personnel employees. * To set up a management infrastructure to generate ideas, evaluate and capture quality ideas and sustain constant flow of ideas. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-78392052533264247882020-01-27T20:16:00.001-08:002020-01-27T20:16:05.774-08:00Jesus Is Really Present In The Eucharist Religion EssayJesus Is Really Present In The Eucharist Religion Essay We can argue that the Eucharist is a mystery. But what is the source of the Churchs teaching about the Holy Eucharist. We cannot see any sign of Jesus presence in the Holy Eucharist with our external eyes. Furthermore, the presence of Christ in the Eucharist is not something that can be discerned by scientific or physical examination. Instead it can only be realized through the eyes of faith. Here I am going to decipher more on the divine revelation as found in the sixth chapter of St. Johns Gospel. In John 6:55-56, Jesus clearly stated that, For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me and I in him. It was very specific on the explanatory the Real Presence of Jesus in the Holy Eucharist as St. John stated it in his Gospel. The Catholic Church has always taken Jesus at His word, which is why the Holy Eucharist is defined as the real body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist. Thus, Jesus Christ is present in the Holy Eucharist and is the core of the life of the Church. One can say that the breaking of the bread tradition has undergone changes through centuries, but the faith behind this has not been changed because we strongly believe the Real Present of Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist. Jesus is present in the Eucharist so that the people may experience that God loves them. Barton argues that God the Father sent Jesus Christ the spiritual food so that we may enjoy the love of God and when we view him as giving his flesh to eat, it is by the precious bounty of his own love towards us.à [1]à The USCCB also confirm the same teaching that the Jesus gives himself to us in the Eucharist as spiritual nourishment because he loves.à [2]à Furthermore, the Vatican II Constitution on Sacred Liturgy also explains the Real Present of Christ in the Holy Eucharist as Christ is present in the Church. Particularly Christ is present when the Church prays and performs the work of mercy. The presence of Jesus in the Eucharist enlightens our hope and strength by its mysterious power and our faith. It is the sign of His grace for us. He revealed himself in the Holy Eucharist so that we may share the banquet with God. When the priests celebrate the Eucharist, we remember the Real Presence of Christ in our midst. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says that, The command of Jesus to repeat his actions and words until he comes does not only ask us to remember Jesus and what he did. It is directed at the liturgical celebration, by the apostles and their successors, of the memorial of Christ, of his life, of his death, of his Resurrection, and of his intercession in the presence of the Father (1341). In a pastoral response: the fact is that Christ is present in the Holy Eucharist avails much. If there is no avail, then the Son of God incarnated for no reason, He died for no reason, and He rose from the dead for no reason. The presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist profits us more than anyone thing else in the world. It gives us the meaning to our Christian life. In short, the mystery of the Holy Eucharist leads us to the intimate relationship with the Lord, Jesus Christ. And finally, the presence of Jesus in the Eucharist enlightens our hope and faith in our Christian life. With this, our faith becomes stronger and stronger every day. In how many ways is Jesus really present in the liturgy? The Vatican II Constitution on Sacred Liturgy stated that there are six ways Jesus really present in the liturgy: there is also a real presence of Christ in the ministry of the word, there is a real presence of Christ in the liturgical assembly, there is a real presence of Christ in the priest in liturgical service, there is a real presence of Christ in the souls of the just, there is a real presence of Christ in the sacraments, and finally, there is a real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.à [3]à There is the proclamation of the word of God that is a source of communion and it proclaims the arrival of Gods reign. That is to say, the real presence of Christ is in the ministry of the word. It is the daily experience of the church whenever she proclaims the presence of the Lord by adoration publicly and privately. As Lash says, He is present in his word, since it is he himself who speaks when the holy scriptures are read in the Church.à [4]à Christ is amidst when there are two or three assembled in His name (Matthew 18:20). In this communion, the congregation gives thanks and praise for the wonderful works of God and all the blessings and graces that Christ has for us. The communion calls all the people to share a life that is divine as well as God invites all the people to share the divine life of His Son. We come to make present and to remember the memory of Christ our Lord in our midst.à [5]à We come to acknowledge the genuine presence of Christ, fully human and divine, in this communion. In addition, we are also called to recognize his presence, not only in the communion, but also in the just soul. By the sacramental consecration, the priest is configured to Jesus Christ as head and shepherd of the church. He is endowed with a spiritual power which is shared in the authority with Jesus Christ. In his Encyclical letter on the Eucharist, Pope John Paul writes regarding the identification of the priest to Christ, the ministerial priest acting in the person of Christ brings about the Eucharist Sacrifice.à [6]à Therefore, the church accepts that the ministerial priesthood is apostolic and empowered by Jesus Christ to go out into the world and to sanctify all. During the liturgy, there is also the presence of Christ in other sacraments. In short, the presence of Christ is in all seven sacraments: Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Matrimony, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Order, and the Sacrament of Penance. For this reason, Christ instituted and entrusted this sacraments to the Church. Finally, there is a real presence of Christ in the form of bread and wine. In the Eucharist, Christ is present in the fullness of His being. The USCCB says, the whole Christ is truly present, body, blood, soul, and divinity, under the appearances of bread and wine-the glorified Christ who rose from the dead after dying for our sins.à [7]à The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist comes about through transubstantiation. The bread and wine remain as it is, but the substance changes. In short, Christ will to be present in the bread and wine. It is a work of God that make the bread and wine become His own food. Criteria for Assessment Regarding to my answers, I believe that I accurately and appropriately explained my answers. In this paper, I also included pastoral and theological responses in a responsible way. Most of all, I used different sources to support my answers as much as possible. I strongly believe that with the assessment requirements I have fulfilled in answering all the need. GOD BLESS AND HAVE A GOOD DAY! jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903663861080728814.post-52012494718321843072020-01-23T05:12:00.001-08:002020-01-23T05:12:02.945-08:00Walk Across America Response Paper -- essays research papers Walk Across America Response Paper à à à à à In Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross country walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets many different kinds of people. From New York to New Orleans, Peter treks around this great country of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called home for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocrisy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great about the country. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the country one last chance before they pack up their worldly goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a moon shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally settling down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). The book to me is all about the relations hips that he forms and the friends that he makes along the way. à à à à à The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of intense love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a match made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his ââ¬Å"forever friendâ⬠. On many different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to Peter on a daily basis, Coop... Walk Across America Response Paper -- essays research papers Walk Across America Response Paper à à à à à In Walk Across America, Peter Jenkins takes a cross country walk to rediscover himself and the nation. In his journeys, he crosses through various states and meets many different kinds of people. From New York to New Orleans, Peter treks around this great country of ours and falls back in love with the place that he has called home for his entire life. After losing faith in the hypocrisy of America and how we are perceived around the world, Pete wants to find out what everyone thinks is so great about the country. He and his dog Cooper are set to give the country one last chance before they pack up their worldly goods and change scenery for good. After being introduced to the humble livings of a moon shiner in the Tennessee mountains, living with an African American family and finally settling down in a dorm room in New Orleans, Peter finds what he is looking for, but continues his journey onward (though not in this book). The book to me is all about the relations hips that he forms and the friends that he makes along the way. à à à à à The relationship shared between this man and his dog is one of intense love and mutual admiration. Cooper and Peter are a match made in heaven. The Alaskan malamute is what he calls his ââ¬Å"forever friendâ⬠. On many different occasions, Coop saves his life. From a run in with a pack of wild dogs to the inspiration that he provided to Peter on a daily basis, Coop... jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0